more urgent cases. salinity, to mention only .a few of the 



Profiles of temrDeraturp s-nr! oaT-Tv,,-*,, „t 

 for the Indian and Paci f i c ?ce2it llr i ?; f "^^^ sevova.! meridians 

 "Meteor" in thp South /tiar,^?^^' ^^"l^-f.^o tnose obtained by the 

 general circulatory s4t™i?%i'^^ essential for working out the 

 is also needed ^s to (he e'act 00^0?..°^'"''^''% T'^^* ^^^^ information 

 salinity, from which to ppi'^^ip^ ? ^^^'^ °^ temperature and 

 polar margins (whe?e the 5orS?- on n? ^P^^^^^^Sravity around the sub- 

 believed to take SIce^R^ +f! °^ oceanic bottora water is 

 pected to occur thoJeipaLlI f^'?? -'^"S ^^lass- sinking my be ex- 

 difficulty of obSn^re th-« dJ; J\'^ because of the practical 

 basis for our theories of of r^.%^^^ have so weak an observational 

 the Antarctic and Irctic ice front s?"" '^ ''"" '"""'^' ""^^°^^ ^^^^^^ 



most iTJloTlTe^TfltTTe safin?tf ?' ^^^'-'^ ^^^ processes that 

 namely, rainfall aSd evlpo't'^on'^ aJ"^1 ^^i'^'^ ^^'^ °^ ^"^^^^^'^^ ''^^^^> 

 a leading oceanographlr Sp ^^mii /"^^^^ ^^^^ recently remarkod by 

 explanation foS flit fact that thJ S'* an acceptable quantitative"^ 



whole are considerablv Ip^r L^ "'Jj^'^^^" *^^*^ ^^-^^i"^ Pacific as a 

 uasiaeraDiy less saline than those of the Atlantic. 



the fSSiif of Lrjcf SISvi?'-nS^° "'^?^^ °^ ^^^ ^^^^-^ ^- -hich 

 specific grivity of Irct^c a-nd L.; ^^^^'®^ ^''^ salinity - henco the 



how the process offreeziLafttrfh^'^ ^^'^^' .^^ "^^^^ °°^^ ^^^^^^> ^^^ 

 seas. Conversely, a bettef a^an ?f -«??.'''"'" °^^ composition of those 

 the surface that is caused h-^?S^-ni'^® Pleasure of the freshening of 

 and of the difference ?nthh I ^^^""^ °^ ^°^ ^^ l^-^-^^' latitudes, 

 essential beforfwe L^corrLtlf P^til'^^r '"^^ ^'^^^ ^^^^^^^ i°« i^ 

 process in the salinity complex!: ^^^^'^^^^ ^^^ iaiportance of this 



as esslSaJ'asT' |?f? °? ^^^o??; ^^^f^^^^^ - Balinity is also 

 ocean currents, sIliMtv bPi'fi^^?^^^^^ m every dyna^nic study of 

 specific .ravi^y^Sf ?J!^.^?S^a^^L^Slef S^J Sf pSJ^^^- ^^ 



measure?, 'lnr??^L^-o°-5tSc%^Sfr?no°wlS" ^^? °"^ ^ -^^^^^' ^^ 

 not only'to the geographer an? to th^ i "^'P °^ °°°^'^ tonperatures, 

 as well (as evidfncf of 1L SSrrLf in hl^^f ^^1*? ^^e navigator 

 early aioDreciRtpH +>,=.+ +' ^urren-c m ...hich he sailed), was so 



along a'^ILafvariety o. ??airro.f '}^^'\r'^^^S^ had'^een recorded 

 century.^ In fact' 2 e^rly Ss 187^ ?.'^ *-'^ ^^^"^ -''^-^- '^'^ ^^^^ 1^^"^^ 

 such observations prlviouslvfni?;^- 2P^°:V ^^^'^-° o^ "he nunber of 

 an infinite one; ilul^elte^an Lf^.ff • ^^°'-*-'' Atlantic, as almost 

 100,000 temperature-recorS ?nr v?^^ ^ ^'^^ aisposal riore than 

 lished in 1870. Great ™bcifnii' ^'^P^'" °''' ^^'° ^^^^ Stream, mb- 

 gathered from the olhcr ^^e?;! L^il^'^^ terperatures had also been 

 and have been accun:u-ra?ed sinop t^t^^f.^^'^Sely to Maury's efforts. 

 Services of the various ma" ?i-o "^t;. -'-'/'^ °? ^^^ Hydrographic 



tlon Of t.e e.lstlSg ^S?^? o.^a?tf o?'"-|L^ SS^g^r^rilSIl^^^^^-^''^- 



