103 



which contain nearly .very oceanographic p'-^p-r of importance; in the 

 Liorary of Congress; in -^he U. S. Burpsu of Fisheries at Tashington 

 and Woods Hole; in the Marine Biolosical Laboratory at Toods Hole, at 

 the U. S. Coest and Geodetic Survey; at the U. S. Hydroerraphic Office; 

 at the Scripps Institution of Oc 5anO'2:raphy ; at the Fisheries Labora- 

 tory of the Californian Fish CoTunission ; at the Departra-nt of Tropi- 

 cal Research of the New York Zoological Society; likewise in many of 

 the laro-e Libraries of Universities, scientific Societies, and in 

 Puolic Libraries. In short, thanks larg-ely to the newness of this 

 field of research, Oceanography is perhaps as well served in /America 

 from this standpoint as is any other science, 



F. SITUATION AS TO UNxvERSITY INSTRUCTION IN OCEANOGRAPHY 



In this respect the advance of Oceanography in America now 

 suffers from one of its gr-attst handicaps, for progress in this 

 science is a matter not only of ships, laboratories and money, but 

 far more of men, which implies opportunities for education. And it 

 is of men that there is now the most serious shortage. 



Examination of the published announcements, correspondence with 

 the Dtrans of instruction of most of the important American Univer- 

 sities makes it evident that where the descriptive phases of Physical 

 Oceanography arc presented at all in undergraduat -, instruction, in 

 more than the most cursory way, it is usually in connection with 

 courses in general Geology, Physiography, ifleteoroloecy , etc. 



The general paucity of opportunities for instruction in this 

 general field is so obvious that it needs no detailed survey for 

 corroberation. We need m.srely add that so far as we have osen able 

 to discover from a cursory survey, no American University today 

 offers a satisfactory course to undergraduates in oceanic Geophysics, 

 as a concrete and sufficiently inclusive subject. Neither, we 

 believe, does any American University cover the v-;-rious phases of the 

 subject, in courses under oth-r nai.es, in detail enoua:h for the 

 average undergraduate to gain a sound grasp of it through formal 

 instruction. 



Oceanic biology is better served, both by courses in general 

 biology, Tcology, hydrobiology , etc., and by those food fishes and 

 allied subjects offered at the Colleges of Fisheries. 



The graduate stud-nt, suf f icirntly devoted to the subject to have 

 mastered these difficulties, and fitted for advanced instruction or 

 research, finds several av-rnues open, though far fewer than the 

 importance of this field of science demands. 



Here, again, it is not worth whil„ to pr.-.sent a detailed list, 

 for no doubt graduate students of certain pnas-s of oceanic oiology 

 would be acc-.pted in the biological laboratories of most univ.rsities, 

 and the situation is somewhat similar with regard to submarine 

 g-:'Oloe:y. Naturally, however, seaside connections of some sort are 

 almost essential for efficient advanced instruction in these marine 

 fields, while but few .American Universities now number activ:; 

 investigators in Oceanography among their teaching staffs. 



Among these few, advanced instruction and research courses under 

 direction, leading to the higher decrees, are regularly offered in 



