113 



there is every repson to expect tbit their r^ctivities will continue 

 for r. long period in the future to follow the snme lines nlong 

 which the^r h^ve developed in the p"st. This rigidity of orgnniz.".- 

 tion makes it more .-^llowihle to predict the extent to which they 

 mcj be expected to t"ke p'^. rt in ,1oint proiects thr^t night he spon- 

 sored b'^'' the proposed Institute, and to foresee the fields within 

 which each Bureau will be forced to confine its activities, than 

 would be t^^e c-^se for private institu+"ions, the Dolicies of which 

 often change abruptly v/ith changes in ^'he point of view of the con- 

 trolling personnel. 



Consequentlr , t'-e following estinate gives little weight to 

 the active s^nnpathies toward Ocernogr-^phy of the Officials at pres- 

 ent In control of tl^e Rireau of Fis]-;eries, t^-e Coast and Geodetic 

 Survey, t^'e Bureau of Stand'^rds, etc., but is bnsed rather on the 

 established fields of activity, and on the legal limitations v/ith- 

 in which these Btireaux operate. 



The c'^-se of the U. S. >!'-vy, however, is of^herwise. For it, 

 research in Oceanography murt always be incidental to the naval 

 duties for which the Service is raaintained. At the same time the 

 numerous cruises carried out by naval ships offer frequent opaort- 

 unity for verA- important explorations of the se" water without much 

 additional expense. The degree of cooperation to be expected from 

 the Navy will, therefore, depend on the inclination of the officers 

 influential in the Service toward such undertakings, combined with 

 the possibility of meeting the extra cost. This also ap-'-lias to 

 the United States Shipping Bo"rd and to the Lighthouse Service. 



The question whether federal bureaux are "llowed to utilize 

 funds that may be provided from outside sources is important* for 

 instance, for the expense o-^ fueling ships, or for the purchase of 

 supplies. 



II. ANALYSIS BY SUBJECTS 



The several, fields in which an important degree of cooperation 

 may be expected from the government can be summarized ps follows •- 



A. DETAIL OF SFIPS FOR SPECIAT, CRUISES. 



In any scheme of marine exploration f^e moat expensive item of 

 equipment is the shin '^nd her navigating personnel. T'^^is item, too, 

 is difficult to stipply -^ t s^'ort notice, even if money be available. 

 Under present conditions no governm^ental agency, whether Canadian 

 of United States, is -"hie, without contributions of outside funds, 

 to send a ship on special ciniises of any gre-^t length, unless f-'ese 

 can be combined with regul-^, r duties. 



Provided f^e expenses of a deep-sea expedition could be met, 

 past precedent m^kes it safe to aasume th^t a sea-going ship could 

 frequently be detailed b-^ th.e Bureau of Fisheries stands in a pe- 

 culiar '^osition, as explained below (P"gel21). As the Fisheries 

 Research Steamer is in active service for only p-^rt of the vear, it 

 is often possible to detail her for special cruises of considerable 

 duration, wit'' out in "^ny w'-^ interfering with her regular riuties. 

 This, in fact, the Bureau h"S frequently done in t>^e past, with 



