lis 



ernte in f-e collect: on of surf:".ce s' mples hy its vessels in trr.n- 

 sit. 



The gre^^t su'ioess or th.e Scripps Ins'^itiitior of Ocennogr'^-'^hy 

 in developing coopemtion ^long these lin3s within tlie p-^st few 

 yeprs illustrates the possi"" dlities. 



The possihlllt:/ of m'^kine pendulum Tier- surements of grrvity rt 

 sen., from suhriir^.rines , emhles the Navy to render great sclenttific 

 service, on its regular cruises, if personnel ^nd an-:)"ratus he sup- 

 plied. Sixcl measurements h",ve, in f'^ct, heen recently- carried out 

 on n P. S. Suhm'rine, under t>e ;oint ciii-ect^on of the Nr^vrl Ohser- 

 v^tor- "nd of the Carnegie Institution. 



Serinl observ tions below the surface of w'-atever kind ar^ so 

 tinieoonsuming and interfere so seriously with ordinar^^ routine, 

 that thev could never he exnected from ships running on schedijled 

 routes: fo^^ t^'e srme rerson they are not always feasible even from 

 vessels emploved in sotindin,fT. To be crried out on a I'^rge scale, 

 they must be regarded as a prim'-rY part of t^^e progr^im. Fowever, 

 the Const and Geodetic Survey and the Canadian Hydrogrr.phic Service 

 will in the fixture, as the^J- h"ve in the p^st, be able to obtain 

 seri.al temperntures n:id water samples in connection witb tt^eir cur- 

 rent measurements rnd hydrogra^^hical work. But V-e^r will ixsvm.lly 

 be forced to restrict this to tbe routes covered in their routine 

 duties, whict v/ill often not be those m,o<~, t interertine fron other 

 points of view. 



More assistance in t- is p-'rticulnr respect may be depended on 

 from the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries wif'in the areas w^^ere its m'-'.r- 

 ine investig-- tions r^re concentratedr which, in f'^ct, would be but 

 continuing its present policy for the collection of serinl dnta 

 from the surfnce to t'^c bottom is now a regular routine duty on 

 Albatross II r one too, that could equnlly be undertaken on the Rxr- 

 eau's vessels on the Pacific coast. And the Biologic"! Bo-^rd of 

 Canada is constantly collecting drta of this sort in connection with 

 various special problems in oceanic biology. 



Unique op ortunlties for obtaining continuous sub-surface re- 

 cords, both physical nnd biolop-ic, of the sorts now most needed in 

 IJorth American coastal W'^ters, are offered by the V. S. Lighthouse 

 Service from its lightships o.s explained on p'^ge : opaortunities 

 in f?ct, that could not be equnl''ed in rnj other wry without 'Alto- 

 gether prohibitive expense. And p'^st experience suggests great 

 v/ill in^ness on the pnrt of this Service to coonerate in this way 

 (page ). Similar coopernticn can be expected of the Canr.dian 

 Lighthouse Service. But for the fvll development o^ such, work not 

 only must all npparatus be supr^lied from outside sources, and some 

 small compensation be offered to the crews for the extra work, but 

 trained observers ^s well. Without the latter the regular personnel 

 of the lightships can only be expected to use aoorratus th-^t is 

 simple in operation and not too time-consuming. 



The U. S. Coast Gu-'^rd has in the nast (rnd so m-^y in f-'e fut- 

 ure) "dded the collection of plankton on a sm.nll scale to its 

 routine dAmaralc surveys in the ice regions m the North Atlantic. 

 Much wider cooperrtion in this field is nature l^-"- to be expected 



