151 



like esta-hlls^-nents ir other coun^'ries. 



The ocenno^^raphio undertakin.^s sponsored h- the International 

 council for t-er.xplo^..tion of the Se. , and hy the Internationa, 

 r.oi^nc it fo? t-4 Scientific Exploration of t>e ^^^^^^f^^^J'^' ^'"^ 

 likewise carried on whoUa.^ h^^ the sf^te services ^^^-^^ Ij^^;,^,!^^ 

 Piqhevies Services) of the subsorihmg nations. Such Pfoducri.e 

 headqur??ers in other countries rs the Con^missior for t^-^e Scientific 

 investigation of Ger..nn Seas, t^e Panish Biolo.xcal otation at 

 Conenhagen, the Danish Commission for t^e i^xploration °^^ ^v^ t^^' . 

 the several Spanish Oceanographical Institutions, ^^^-'^ Fi-^i^^sh i a 





phTsical Ir^stitute ab Bergen, too, is closel- associated; ith the 

 roveJnment, for while connected wit- tv e Bergen ?Mseum, ^zs salar- 

 ies anrSart of t-e current exr^enses are paid by the government, 

 wMcS also confirms the appointments to the st-nff, and exercises 

 som.e controT over t'^^e budget. 



A- the administrative organization of the institutions of this_ 

 group all provide for some degree of control, either as to perscnne. 

 S^a? to policies, bv the state, it is obvious that they could not 

 be ?akea as models in t-e present case. Hence, we need only add 

 that out of^ 86 establishments outside of North .\merica that are 

 listed by the International Geodetic and Gooph^sical Union as oc- 

 cupied ivith the stud- of t^-e seal, more t^an o- are operated direct- 



T: Bulletin V, (jbnseil I>i ternat. de Hecherches: Union Geodesi^.?" 

 e t Geoph ysique Internationale . 



1 '7 



as Fovernmentol establishments. 



The remainder fall into two general groups- (aj departments 

 of universities, whether state supported or private, a-d (o) inde- 

 pendent or semi-indenendent establish-erts . Notable examples o. the 

 f>^'^3^" Of t>- -ce rroups are the Institut f-tlr MeeresKunde m Berlin, 

 tv^e department of Iceanoara^.hv •nid Port Erin Laborator^r^of the Un- 

 iversitv or Liverpool, and several French Marine Eiologica. Labor- 

 atories in ^luropo; the Scripps Institution for Oceanography of .he 

 UriversDtv of California, the Hopkins liarine Station of Stanford 

 University the ^larine Biological Laboratory of the Universitv of. 

 •aas^i^neton' and the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard Uni- 

 versit^^^ in'America. The dominance o^ each of th^-so bv its parent 

 uriversitT puts t>.em m a class as far ap-.rt f-om t>e proposed in- 

 stitution as ara t>- a state 1^-boratories , so far as external organ- 

 izati'^n is concerned. 



It is -miong the irdependent (or semi -independent) Marine Labor- 

 ,^^0^^^^ o^ pthe? irstitutions of America or Europe, tT-at m.oaels m.ay 

 most reasonably be sought. The TJaples Zoological Station- the Mar- 

 ine Biological Laboratory at Plymouth, Eng.land: the Millport x.abor- 

 ntorv ip Scotland: the Cceanographic Institute of Monaco: the Carn- 

 egie Institution of 'Yashington: and t^e Marine Bioloaical Labora- 

 tory at Woods Hole come at once to mind in this connect ^ on, eit'^er 



