154 



operntion of the Blolopical Station. And its by-laws are so frr.-ied 

 tb^t for nil p-r.'^.cticn'i purposes, the council is o self-perpetuating 

 bod^-. T^e universities, etc. that su'^soribe to tbe suppo-t of tie 

 M.^rine Biolofacol Laboratory! at Woods Hole have, however, no such 

 power to make nominations to the governing board ( Trustees ), all 

 of ^v^-^om rre elected b^^ the corporation of the labor'i tor^-. In V-xs 

 way entire control of tie affairs of tl-e institution is kent in the 

 h-nds of t^-^e persons interested in its welfare as nn indewondent in- 

 stitute on, so that t^^ere is r^o d-nger of dominnticn b-^ any one un- 

 iversii-y, 'or n-rticrihar scientific coterie. There is rlso an es- 

 sentia ]' difference in the two institutions in t>^at the (Trustees) 

 of the '"'oods Pole Laboratorv administer a considerable endowment 

 fund, but receive no fin^-ncial sr^pport whatever from the frovern-^.ent . 



Ench of those sc^^emes has certain ,idv-ntnges: Woods Hole can 

 cr>n cl-im totrl indenendence of action, freedom from outside con- 

 trol -nd eoual oiv-ortunities for all universe ties to -orrticipate 

 in the nctivitie- of the Laborntorv: Pl-anouth can noint to n defin- 

 ite progrn.m of research w^-ich i^ns yielded rich fruit m various 

 fields of Ocennography, "nd to stirau^-tion of widesproad interest 

 in tbis general field of science. 



The Woods Hole sc>'eme h-- s nroved itself so -dmirablv nd-pted 

 to tiee conditions under which science operates in North America, 

 that wo recommend adopting it or some modification of it, rather 

 thpn the Plvmouth s^-stem, or i-ho s-^stems represented bv the Monaco 

 or C-rnegie' Insitutions, as tv o m.odel for the external organizntion 

 of the proposed institution., turning, however to Plymouth, m t'^e 

 case of' the internal administration. 



This imnlies rnttinft the ownership of the institution in the 

 >^nnds of a brordlv re-Dr.jsent.- tive corporntion, w^-ose numbers m.-y 

 be exTDected to grow, with growincr inter^^st in tT-e institution, and 

 m-y eventuall- come to represent all the institutions in America 

 th^t ar-^ activel^^ ccrcerned wif-' tie stud--- of tb sen. Put the 

 actual control of expenditure, and determination of policies must 

 be delegated to '^, smaller bo-rd, of manironblc si'^.o, elected from 

 the gener-1 membershi-;^ of the corporation. 



II. INTEPWAh ORGANIZATIOT^I 



V-niQtyev an institute fo-' Oce-^nographv, with the aims here nro- 

 posod bo founded as an indcnendent institution or as a dop-rtment 

 of some existmp 1-boratorv or university, the factors which should 

 determii-^e Its -nternal orgnni7.ation would be the sa~e, the nri-^e 

 necessitias, in either case bein^?, (1) To Cnr-y out the fundamental 

 purposes of fl-^e institution nvid (2) To m.eet t^i.e technical renuire- 

 ments of the n Ttlcnlar science--Oceanogrophy--th'.t is is proposed 

 to servo. Because of tMs s.jcond requiromGnt, t'-e s-^'stom th- 1 has 

 been so srccespful nt ^Inples, rt Villefranche, nnd the Marine Bio- 

 lopicnl Laboratory rt Woods Hole would not be so effective in tbis 

 case. At -11 t>eose laboratories, and -t various others of ] ilce 

 scope, tho mstitutionpl activities (ap:irt from instruction, sr le 

 of specimens, etc.) rre centered around provid:^\ng l-bor-torv fac- 

 ilities and tho desired -rteri-l for individur] workers, most of 

 whom arc pursuing orogr"m-S totally indcpendv^nt of one anoth.-r. 



