Contents. 



the Arctic Current, 116— Area of Alternate Streaks of Warm and Cold 

 Water east of Japan, 116 — Section from Station 253, along the Meridian 

 of Honolulu and Tahiti, to Station 288, 117 — The Pacific and the Atlantic 

 Oceans compared, 117 — The Equatorial Counter Currents of the Atlantic, 

 the Indian, and the Pacific Oceans, 119 — Section from Station 288 to 

 'Valparaiso and Magellan Straits, 121. 



. CHAPTER VI. 



THE BED OF THE OCEAN. 



Changes in the Distribution of Land and Water, 124— Average Height of the 

 Dry Land, 126 — Low Angle of Inclination of the Sea-bottom, 127 — Forma- 

 tion of Sub-oceanic Strata, 128— Marginal and Central Deposits, 129— 

 Formation of Central Oceanic Plateaux, 130 — Deposits composed of 

 Inorganic and Organic Particles, 131— Absence of Organic Remains no 

 Evidence of the Antiquity of a Geological Formation, 133— Formation of 

 Areas of Elevation and of Areas of Depression, 134 — Formation and Trans- 

 formation of Continents, 135 — Primary and Secondary Areas of Elevation, 

 I3 6 — Formation of Mountain Ranges and Submarine Ridges, 137 — 

 Oceanic Pressure a Cause of Internal Heat, '138 — Elevation of Mountain 

 Ranges and Creation of Axis of Volcanic Eruption, due to Lateral Pressure, 

 I39 — Water the Principal Agent in the Disintegration, the Re-distribution, 

 and the Accumulation of the Solid Matter composing the Earth-Crust, 

 140. 



