CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Preface, ......... 7 



CHAPTER I. 



DEPTH OF THE OCEAN. 



Distribution of Land and Water, u — Principal Areas of Elevation and of 

 Depression, 12 — Results of Soundings obtained to present Date, 13 — Average 

 Depth of the Ocean, 14 — Greatest Depths ascertained in the Atlantic, 14; in 

 the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific, 15 — Configuration of the Sea-bottom, 16 

 —The Basin of the Atlantic, 17— Central Atlantic Plateau, 18— The Basin of 

 the Indian Ocean, 19— The Kerguelen Plateau, 19— The Basin of the 

 Pacific Ocean, 20— Submerged Plateau in the South-Eastern Pacific, 21 — 

 Large Area of Depression upon the Limits of the South Pacific and the 

 Southern Ocean, 22— The Basin of the Southern Ocean, 23 — The Basin of 

 the Antarctic Sea, 24 — The Basin of the Arctic Sea, 25— Area of Depression 

 between Greenland and Norway, 26. 



CHAPTER II. 



TEMPERATURE OF THE OCEAN. 



Surface Temperature, 27 — Total Range of Oceanic Temperatures, 28 — Influence 

 of Currents upon the Distribution of Temperature, 29 — Oceanic Currents 

 an Adequate Cause of Alterations of Climate, 29 — Deep-Sea Temperature, 

 30— Earliest Systematic Observation of Deep-Sea Temperature, 30 — 

 Effect of Pressure upon the ordinary Thermometer, 31 — The Miller- 

 Casella Thermometer, 32— Serial Soundings and Temperature Curves, 34— 

 Construction of Temperature Curves, 35— Deductions from the Curve, 36 

 —General Decrease of Temperature from the Surface to the Bottom, 37— 



