17 



The official estimation and the minimal estimation is that 3 bil- 

 lion curies which are in the Yenisey River basin and the Ob River 

 basin, and in several tens of years, maybe 100 years, no more than 

 100 years, all this radioactivity will be in the Arctic Ocean if we 

 cannot do something just now or in the next years. 



Mr. Weldon. Excuse me, did you say 3 billion curies? 



Dr. Yablokov. Three billion curies. Three billion curies. Three 

 billion curies. 



The problem is also with so-called peaceful nuclear explosions. In 

 the Soviet time, we conducted more than 100 peaceful nuclear 

 explosions. The bulk of them, maybe about 35 or 37 of them were 

 conducted in the Arctic. It is also an additional source of radio- 

 active pollution. 



But it is not only radioactive pollution. We have enormous oil 

 and gas pollution. The amount of oil in the mouth of Siberia in the 

 river, especially in the Ob River, jumped during the last 20 years 

 10 times and continues rising. Every year in Siberia, we catch 

 about 200 million tons of oil. At least 5 million tons of oil we lost 

 because of leaking, leaking in the pipeline, leaking during transpor- 

 tation and so on and so on and so on. All this oil is going into the 

 northern ocean. Fifteen percent of the Bering Sea is covered by a 

 film from oil. 



I have to continue a description of the environmental pollution 

 of the Arctic, but now I have to turn your attention to what we can 

 do, what we have to do. First of all, we need a special agree- 

 ment or treaty about Arctic protection. We were near to this treaty 

 2 years ago but it was the State Department of the United 

 States who spoiled this treaty. We have practically full ready text 

 of such a treaty for protection, a Russian-American treaty for pro- 

 tection of the Arctic, but your State Department, because here is 

 some ridiculous, from my point of view, obstacles for this treaty 

 stopped this activity. 



Now, I think we have no possibility to repeat it because our mili- 

 tary have now more powers than 2 years ago and for Russia's 

 side, it would be an enormous problem to come back to this treaty. 

 We have lost this possibility. But we tried to do something in this. 



I will show you the level of radioactivity and the place where we 

 produce plutonium, Krasnoyarsk-26, Tomsk-7, and Chelyabinsk-70. 

 The first number is the radioactivity in surface water, 1 billion cu- 

 ries in Chelyabinsk and zero on the ground. In Tomsk, 500 million 

 in the surface and 500 million on the ground dumping. And in the 

 Krasnoyarsk, about 100 million curies in the lake and 600 million 

 curies on the ground. 



This map shows us the places for underground nuclear explo- 

 sions, underground nuclear explosions. You can see how many nu- 

 clear explosions were conducted in the Arctic and all this radio- 

 activity going to the Arctic. The next slide, please. 



This shows us oil pollution, oil pollution in the Barents Sea. Now 

 it is much more water polluted, not only in the Barents Sea but 

 also in the Kara Sea. I took your attention, it is just before the fa- 

 mous leaking in the Komi Republic which took all public attention 

 in last year. It is just before the Komi leaking we have such heavy 

 oil pollution in the Barents Sea. Next, please. 



