23 



Survey radwaste disposal sites in northern and far-eastern seas (approximately 15 million 

 dollars from 1997 through the year 2005); 



Clean-up of the Yenisei and Tom' River Basins to eliminate radioactive contamination 

 attributable to plutonium production reactors (approximately 1 1 million dollars from 1997 

 through the year 2000). 



On November 2, 1995 the Russian government adopted the Federal Targeted Program 

 Entitled "Establishment of a Unified State Automated System for Monitoring Radiation 

 Conditions on the Territory of the Russian Federation" (EGASKRO) under which approximately 

 100 million dollars is to be spent by the year 2002 (beginning in 1997). However, there are 

 serious doubts that this program will come to fruition due to a lack of financing. 



5. The degree of impact of the London Conference and the Gore- 

 Cbemomyrdin Commission on reducing the need for nuclear waste disposal in 

 the oceans. 



Russia's acknowledgment of its obligations in 1993 deriving from the London Conference 

 significantly changed the situation in naval forces which during the Soviet period assumed that the 

 disposal of liquid radioactive waste in the Arctic and far-eastern seas was entirely acceptable. 

 Such disposal practices have been nearly entirely eliminated in the Northern Fleet. 



Discussions within the framework of the Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission have been 

 usefijl for developing specific proposals to facilitate the development of projects for reprocessing 

 of liquid radioactive waste in the Northern Fleet. 



6. What research programs and international projects can be treated as 

 priority areas for development of an effective program for prevention of 

 nuclear and other waste disposal in ocean ecosystems? 



An international agreement (accord or convention) on Arctic environmental protection is 

 necessary. 



It would be advisable for the US. to follow Russia's example and publish a White Book 

 of its radwaste disposal sites at sea This would provide a good political foundation for 

 development of a joint American-Russian (possibly also involving Norway) program for clean-up 

 of the Arctic seas to eliminate hazardous solid radwaste dumped into these waters. 



It would advisable to develop a special international agreement for environmental 

 protection from space activities (specifically the dumping of separable rocket booster stages 

 containing hazardous rocket fiiel into the Arctic seas). 



A special convention (agreement or accord) or annex to the London Convention to 

 prohibit radwaste disposal into the sea from coastal locations is required. Radwaste from Sella- 



