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cultures has gone extremely well and yielded important results which are entering the 

 literature now. 



ANWAP: The ANWAP study which Admiral Pelaez has/will described in some detail 

 had a limited objective - the potential for contamination of the Arctic Ocean and 

 adjacent seas by past and present submarine and icebreaker reactor operations by the 

 FSU. But this program's limited objectives and short duration have only allowed us to 

 glimpse what needs to be done. 



The nation needs need a an integrated program to study fundamental questions in the 

 Arctic such as the paths by which material of ail kinds are transported in the Arctic, the 

 process which can transfer contaminants from one transport path to another such as 

 the inclusion of contaminated sediment into sea ice, a process we know occurs but 

 don't understand well. We need an inventory of contaminants throughout the Arctic, 

 particularly in the FSU and we need to rescue historical data which can help us 

 understand phenomena such as the statistics of river flooding and the probability that 

 the "1 00 year flood" can mobilize contaminants which have lain dormant for years. We 

 need to watch and at the same time to develop the means to mitigate these risks when 

 they occur. 



Chairman Weldon, Chairman Saxton, members of the Committees, contamination in 

 the Arctic has a dangerous potential to affect the lives of citizens of the US and of the 

 world. The Federal agencies have been active in formulating plans for a 

 comprehensive approach to the problem but lack of funding has crippled and 

 fragmented their efforts. Furthermore, the provisions of the Arctic Research and Policy 

 Act which require OSTP to "consult closely with the Interagency Committee and the 

 Commission to guide the Office of Technology Policy's efforts (SEC. 110. (a)(2).)" have 

 not been adhered to. Neither has the requirement that 0MB "consider all Federal 

 agency requests for research related to the Arctic as one, integrated, coherent, and 

 multiagency request, which shall be reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget 

 prior to submission of the President's annual budget request for adherence to the Plan 

 (SEC. 110. (b)(1).)" I am afraid that the research, monitoring and assessment 

 necessary to meet the nation's needs has a low priority in the budgetary process. As a 

 result, the United States has not produced the integrated Arctic research effort of which 

 we are capable. 



