is stipalated for, unless expressly stated to the contrary ; 

 some of the farmers Tvish to take two pupils, but though 

 the companionship of another young Englishman might 

 be very agreeable, it is not considered to their ultimate 

 advantage to be together. They tvill he more under the 

 influence of the farmer, and more interested in their work, 

 when on separate farms. 



The cost of clothes and necessary expenditure need not Expendi- 

 exceed £10 a year, and can be provided out of their pay. ^^^^ *^^ 

 Young men going out inexperienced would not at first be once^" 

 worth more than their board, but in the agreement made 

 on their behalf with the farmers it is stipulated that they 

 shall receive from £1 to £2 a month, in addition to board 

 and residence, for the first twelve months or more ; after 

 that time they are worth more, and can in some cases earn 

 as much as £4 a month throughout the year, if they are 

 strong, capable, and industrious ; but having by this time 

 acquired self-reliance and experience in the business, they 

 would be able, and probably prefer, to bargain on their 

 own account, until they are ready to take land or farms of 

 their owti. 



A probation of from one to three years is sufficient to Period of 

 confer such a thorough knowledge of farminof as will Instruc- 

 qualify them to start on their own account, with a good 

 prospect of success. 



In corroboration of the views advanced in the present Essentials 

 and previous editions of this pamphlet, respecting the *o Future 

 necessity for some such probationary time being spent on "^^^P^s* 

 an American farm before any investment of capital is 

 made, the following extract is given from a speech by 

 Mr. J. Walter, M.P. for Berkshire, and of the " Times " 

 newspaper, who, in saying that he — 



" Had some experience of the emigration of English farmers 

 to America .... believed it would be greatly to their 

 advantage, and would materially advance their object, if they 

 would serve a very few years of apprenticeship before they entered 

 upon their career as farmers To succeed as an emi- 

 grant farmer there should be at first, on one side or other of the 

 Atlantic, an apprenticeship, so to say, to the business." 



In a subsequent speech Mr. Walter says : — 



