162 



FIFTEENTH ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE 



left. I watch that pretty closely; I 

 don't believe that is a test. Try those 

 cells that are scattered and you will 

 find good, healthy brood there. I have 

 found, a great many times, the queen 

 deficient and the brood will be scat- 

 tered. 



A member — We ought not to have 

 that kind of a queen. 



Mr. Bull — If you find a cell there, 

 don't think there is going to be Ameri- 

 can foul brood; but that is the place to 

 look for it. 



President France — Let us draw a 

 comparison between American and 

 European foul brood so that we may 

 know the difference. 



Who will take the description of 

 European foul brood, compared with 

 the other? 



How many have ever seen European 

 foul brood? 



Mr. Stewart — If they have not, they 

 have not learned their trade as bee- 

 keepers. 



Mr. Kannenberg — They may have 

 seen foul brood and maybe it was 

 American foul brood and they thought 

 it was European. I do not know how 

 European foul brood looks. 



President France — There is as much 

 difference between these two diseases. 

 Let me try a comparison of the two. 

 With American foul brood we have 

 that coffee color, ropy stage; with Eu- 

 ropean, we do not. 



With the American foul brood, pref- 

 erably, all workers bad in the hive be- 

 fore the queen cells are infected and 

 seriously bad before the drones are in- 

 fected. 



With European: There is no dis- 

 crimination; the queen, worker, drone 

 or all brood may be infected. \ 



There is one decided difference: 

 That peculiar smell of American foul ^ 

 brood is not the same with European. Jj 

 In fact it is only in serious, severe 

 eases where there is any noticeable 

 odor of European foul brood. 



I have had some yards where they'^ 

 Imagined they smelled something; th^^^ 

 said they did, but my nostrils had not 

 found it yet, not that noticeable odor, 

 but the larvae is attacked much earlier 

 in its life with the European. A yel- 

 lowish streak upon the white larvae 

 with the head somewhat dried and in- 

 stead of taking that drop out of shape 

 a flat, brown mass, it settles, as it 



were, straight back into the cell and 

 It is not ropy. 



If you would take a toothpick or pair 

 of tweezers and get hold of that lar- 

 vae it will come right out; use an old 

 comb and you can jar it out. American 

 never loose. 



Those decided differences ought to 

 determine whether we have it or not. 



European will go through the entire 

 hive much faster than the American 

 does. 



I don't know whether I have given a 

 comparison, one with the other; per- 

 haps Doctor Phillips can, more plainly, 

 describe those conditions. 



Doctor Phillips — I don't believe that 

 I would add anything to what you 

 have said. The yellow color and po- 

 sition and age and infection of drone. 

 It seems to me, are the characteristics 

 of European. 



There is quite a pronounced differ- 

 ence between the two. 



Mr. Kannenberg — You said, how to 

 cure it; put in young queens. Is that 

 the way you mean? 



President France — That is one of the 

 stepping stones; don't put in young 

 black queen and call it cured. The 

 more disease resisting the strain is, 

 the better. 



One of the first cases I had to care 

 for in our state: We sent to the cen- 

 tral states, to one of our best queen 

 breeders, for the choicest golden queens 

 he had, regardless of price. We wanted 

 to cure that yard; we did it. 



One treatment and it was through 

 with, and that man today swears by ^ 

 Goldens, and says there is nothing but 

 Goldens for him. 



We did it by requeening, but the 

 more I study the importation of bees — ■ 

 like in poultry — we produce new strains 

 by the crossing of others, and I fancy 

 this Golden Italian queen is an Amer- 

 ican fancy; we don't find it the 

 tronger strain; it is one which will 

 ive way to spring or winter condi- 

 tions. With me they are beautiful to 

 look at, but they are not the honey 

 gatherers. 



There is just as much indivdual dif- 

 ference in bees as in any other animal 

 life. 



Some of the queens that have been 

 sent to our state have, when intro- 

 duced in the same yard where others 

 have been introduced — some would 



