Rupture or scrotal hernia should always be castrated by the 

 covered operation, two inches higher than commonly done, 

 with large clamps, put on tightly, and left on to fall off 

 within from five to seven days; therefore medicine on the 

 clamps is unnecessary. Most all colts that show a rupture, 

 while suckling, will be all right when one year old. Umbil- 

 ical hernia is easily cured by a strong wooden clamp, put 

 on tightly while the colt is held on his back; no cutting is 

 necessary, only clamp all of the loose skin you can, and the 

 end of the umbilical cord inside tightly, and let up; all will 

 drop off in from five to seven days, and will be all right. 



Ridgling or Crvptorchid Castratio?i.< — When talking to 

 my pupils I class as five different kinds. Number i is in 

 the tunic and halfway down from the inguinal ring to the 

 scrotum, and is easily felt by an expert castrater while 

 standing. Number 2, also, is in the tunic, but is so small, 

 or so high up, or both, that they cannot be felt, as a rule. 

 Number 3 is above the inguinal ring in the abdoman. 

 Number 4, the testicle is in the abdomen, yet the courage 

 ball (Globus Minor), and some water is down in the tunic, 

 as a number one ridgling seed, but seems small. Number 

 5 was once a plain No. 3, but is now diseased, and en- 

 larged to ten or twenty times its natural size in {he abdo- 

 men, with serum, pus. or both. 



To castrate ridgling 4 " I think it very important to tie 

 them in such away that the operator will have every advan- 

 tage. I will here try to explain my favorite method: As I 

 go through and over tenor twelve States each year in answer 

 to calls to castrate, 1 first meet the owners of the stock, and 

 next ask to see the stock. I first put my hand under and 

 feel the scrotum, so as to decide for myself, or diagnose each 



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