To castrate a plain bull seems too common to speak of. 

 But I prefer to cut off the lower end of the sack or bag, as 

 little as will do, and squeeze the testicle down and out, 

 tunic and all. Then grasp all of one seed with one hand 

 and push up with the other, and break the cord off six, 

 eight or ten inches above the seed. I do the other likewise. 

 This is the most common method known. Yet some prefer 

 to leave the bag on, and split into the seed through the 

 tunic on each side. This leaves the tunic in the bag to in- 

 flame, which I think is bad. I have known a few bulls to 

 bleed to death from castration. In such cases I think a large 

 rubber ring, or even two, high on the bag would soon stop 

 the blood, but should be removed in four hours, or sooner. 

 I will tell you better later on. I have castrated quite a 

 number of ridgling bulls, the most of which were double 

 number threes; all were barren. The seeds are not attached 

 in a ridgling bull as in the ridgling horse, but are fast to 

 the loin. To get them out, I have always had to cast the 

 bull and cut in the side and spay them the same as a heifer, 



CUT NO. 10 



(as per cut of cow, standing, ) a little forward of the hip 

 bone, and half way down from the back to the belly, in the 

 left side. I hold the flank from me with the left hand, and 



