ward. Now have the collar rope fastened below on the 

 wall, on a nail or ring, to hold the head down not tight, 

 and one man to attend the head and keep the collar from 

 choking the dog, and one man near to hold the tail from 

 switching around. Now put your left leg over the string, 

 as in cut of dog, holding the front legs, and adjust it to suit 

 you, as per large or small bitch. With your left leg back 

 a little, you hold the dog's back away from the wall and its 

 belly facing you properly. All is now ready, with scissors 

 cut all long hair and brush it away. Now make your in- 

 cision on the median line from between the two hind teats 

 down to or a little below the next two teats, to the red 

 flesh. Now puncture near the middle of cut, to the bowels 

 only, then stick in the forefinger, then the right forefinger 

 and tear the red flesh up and down; a tear heals better than 

 a cut, look for either horn of the uterus. In a six weeks' 

 old pup it is not larger than a large sewing thread ; in a six 

 months' old pup it is about one-sixteenth of an inch, and 

 in an aged dog one-quarter of an inch, if she is not in pup. 

 Now, with both forefingers pointed together as a pair of 

 foreceps, and all other fingers shut, insert the two forefing- 

 ers, and with the back of the closed fingers push. And 

 hold the bowels inside, while you are looking for the uterus, 

 which is always near the loin behind the bladder, as the 

 dog hangs up, and will soon turn red, if not found at once 

 in pups, which makes it easy to distinguish as a little red 

 cord. Then with your forecep fingers secure and hold it. 

 Then hold it in left hand, and never pull up more than one 

 pound on a pup six weeks old, or you are liable to break 

 the uterus off at the ovary, but hold just so you can slip the 

 right fore-finger down the uterus to find the ovary, which 



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