but in later years when called to the same places to alter 

 ridglings I was asked repeatedly, "Why spayed heifers 

 bulled badly now a days?" I answered, "Spayed heifers 

 never bull." 



These stock men claimed that so many heifers bulled 

 and kept the herds excited that they would not dare to 

 handle them any more as stockers or feeders. 



I had charged fifty cents each to spay, and could spay 

 ten or twelve an hour. Men and boys helping me to cast 

 and hold them saw all outside work and took up the trade 

 at twenty-five cents each, and spoiled it by only half spay- 

 ing some and getting out a lump that is not an ovary by 

 mistake. I offer to pay the worth of any cow or calf I spay 

 that bulls afterward, and can teach my methods plainly to 

 others now in this book to safely spay cattle. Calves and 

 yearlings are the best age, but old cows also are safely 

 spayed. I have spayed many cows forward in calf, which 

 is not advised, it is not so safely done then. I have spayed 

 hundreds of milch cows. The rule is, they give much more 

 milk and in three or four years, gradually get very fat, 

 while milking well. If I was a dairyman I would spay all 

 my dairy cows. As a rule, spayed dairy cows milk well, 

 for three or four years, and if well fed, can be kept up to a 

 full flow in winter, when milk is scarce. But the point in 

 a spayed dairy cow is that her stomach is like the hopper 

 of a good mill grinding; it mubt make good goods of all 

 that goes through it, either milk or high-priced beef, or 

 both, while the open cow wastes part of her time and feed 

 wanting a bull every twenty-one days; and, after that time, 

 much of her feed goes to build up a worthless calf, which 

 lowers her amount of milk, and if sold for beef, lowers 



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