much, or more per pound, she may not grow quite so large 

 as the steer, but she will gain more and net better on a 

 given amount of good food and pay a better per cent on 

 what she consumes. 



I have driven fat cattle, when a boy, from Lexington, 

 Ky., to New York City. I have driven fat cows and bar- 

 ren heifers, all short horns, to Cincinnati for Christmas 

 beef that netted 1,112 pounds, after being killed forty-eight 

 hours. 



I suppose you know that heifers twins with a bull calf 

 are always barren, as though spayed. 



The shrewdest cattle man I ever knew, I think, was J. 

 W. Iliff, of Denver, Col., for whom I spayed 1,407 cows, 

 calves and heifers, every old cow, every very ill shaped cow 

 and all black ones. I think I spayed more than 100 cows 

 for him over fifteen years old, and pulled out all front teeth, 

 if there was any teeth, he said they could eat better with 

 their gums alone than with two or three old snags. His 

 idea was to stop their breeding long enough to get fat and 

 sell them, and buy two two-year-olds with the money the}' 

 brought him, on each old cow. Spayed cows milk continu- 

 ously for several years, and in winter as well as summer, 

 and pay better than to let the cow bull or fret for a bull 

 every twenty-one days, and when bred, to stop that loss by 

 fretting, then the expense of building up a worthless calf 

 commences. No dairyman wants a calf, but milk. No 

 feeder wants a calf, but beef. A fat spayed heifer's beef 

 sells highest per pound, a fat breeding cow much lower per 

 pound. 



Or in other words $20 worth of good feed fed the spayed 

 heifer, or spayed cow, will pay the owner a much better 



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