862 INDEX. 



PART II. -HEATING. 



SECTION I. 



PRINCIPLES OF COMBUSTION. 



TLe nature and properties of fuel. — Considerations on the subject. — Char 

 acteristics yi the use of coals pointed out. — Result of the application of heat 

 to coa.. — Disengagement of gas. — Gases endowed with the power of giving out 

 heat. — Combustibility. — What is combustion. — The heating pow^er of gas, 125 



Inquiry into the combustion of coal gas. — Doctrine of equivalents. — Ob- 

 servations of Mr. Parks. — Disproportion between the volumes of the constituent 

 parts. — Different kinds of gases generated. — Bulk of gases represented by 

 figures, 132 



Atmospheric air. — Its constituents represented by diagrams. — The com- 

 ponent parts of different gases represented by diagrams. — Union of the con- 

 stituents. — Chemical law in relation to these gases. — Carbon vapor, . . .137 



Formation of carburetted hydrogen. — Excess and deficiency of heat-producing 

 ingredients. — The union of oxygen with smoke. — Q-uantity of air required to 

 supply the requisite quantity of oxygen. — How ordinary furnaces are incapable 

 of consuming coal perfectly. — The complete combustion of bodies, . . . -145 



Argand lamp. — Williams' smoke-preventing furnace figured and described. 



— Jeffries' smoke-precipitating furnace figured and described. — Their value 

 considered. — Application of these inventions in Europe. — Methods of burning 

 smoke, 148 



Construction of furnaces. — For heating large boilers. — For making the 

 fuel last a long time. — Considerations necessary to be noticed in building the 

 furnace. — The kind of fuel to be consumed. — Size and width of bars. — 

 Table for ascertaining the area of furnaces, 153 



SECTION II. 

 PRINCIPLES OF HEATING HOT-HOUSES. 



Effects of artificial heat. — Changes produced by it. — Animal and vegetable 

 matter decomposed by it. — Hydrogen eliminated by the decomposition of 

 water. — Experiments on the effects of heated air. — Heat from brick flues. — 

 Iron radiators more injurious than others, 156 



Laws of heat. — Radiation and conduction. — Combined effects of radiation. 



— Proportion they bear to each other. — Table showing the velocities of cooling 

 at different temperatures. — Experiments on cooling of iron pipes. — Specific 

 heat of air and water. — Horticultural structures different from opaque build- 

 ings. — Causes of loss of heat, 153 



Table showing the quantity required to heat given volumes of air. — The 

 effects of glass windows ascertained. — Experiments on glass surfaces. — Table 

 showing the results. — Specific heat of air and water. — Application to hot- 

 nouse buildings, 1 G4 



SECTION in. 



HEATING BY HOT WATER, HOT-AIK,AND STEAM. 



Practice of heating by hot water. — Its merits considered. — Temperature 

 of hot-water pipes. — Weight of steam. — Calculations showing the supeiiority 

 of hot-water pipes. — Permanancy of heat by hot water, 167 



