NATURAL HISTOKY, TORONTO REGION" 



military character of the early settlers, to which refer- 

 ence has already been made. 



Among the first inhabitants of York were many 

 half -pay officers of both the army and navy, including 

 several surgeons. The social predominance which 

 naturally fell to their share led to a political leader- 

 ship that culminated in the " family compact." By 

 one of the little ironies of history the seat of this 

 cabal was the " Grange," afterwards the home of 

 Professor Goldwin Smith. It was built by Mr. 

 D'Arcy Boulton, in the outskirts of the town. Dr. 

 Smith was fond of telling how Justice Boulton's two 

 carriage horses, Bonaparte and Jefferson, had once 

 attacked a bear in their pasture before the " Grange." 

 The house stands in beautiful grounds at the head of 

 John Street and was bequeathed with Professor 

 Smith's collection of historical portraits to the city. 



The military governors Sir Peregrine Maitland, 

 who had eloped with the daughter of the Duke of 

 Richmond after the famous Waterloo ball, and Sir 

 John Colborne, who founded Upper Canada College 

 in 1829 were both supporters of the oligarchy. But 

 it was Sir Francis Head, " the tried reformer," under 

 whose rule the discontent of the reformers led by 



1837 William Lyon Mackenzie came to an outbreak. 

 Toronto, which had resumed its old name on its 



1834 incorporation as a city three years before, again 

 approved its loyalty, and the rising was put down. 



1839 But the defeat of the reformers was to result in the 

 triumph of reform. The Earl of Durham, who suc- 

 18 



