CHAPTER III. 



GEOLOGY OF THE TORONTO 

 REGION. 



By 

 A. P. COLEMAN, Ph.D., F.R.S. 



INTRODUCTION. 



TORONTO, which lies on the north shore of Lake 

 Ontario near its western end, is a convenient centre 

 from which excursions may be made by land or water 

 to various points of geological interest in the region 

 of the Great Lakes. Kailroads radiate east, west and 

 north, and steamers ply to the east, west and south, 

 giving easy access to lake ports, especially Niagara. 

 Toronto itself and its suburbs include some of the 

 most important Pleistocene sections in North Amer- 

 ica, and within a radius of one hundred miles the 

 main geological formations from the Archaean to the 

 Devonian may be studied. Though the region has 

 undergone no faulting or folding since the Archaean 

 it has experienced important elevations and depres- 

 sions and has preserved the record of a very complex 

 and extraordinary series of events in the latest geo- 

 logical periods, including the action of ice sheets, of 

 great lakes of different ages and levels, and of impor- 

 tant rivers and waterfalls. 





