GEOLOGY OF THE TORONTO REGION 



Prasopora selwyni. 

 Dalmanella testudinaria. 

 Rhynchotrema inequivalve. 

 Orthis tricenaria. 

 Rafinesquina alternata. 

 Hormotoma trentonensis. 

 Protowarthia cancellata. 

 Isotelus gigas. 

 Bumastus milleri. 

 Ceraurus pleurexanthemus. 



Resting conformably on the grey shaly lime- 

 stones there are 150 to 250 feet of black bituminous 

 shales belonging to the Utica and Collingwood forma- 

 tions, easily attacked by the weather, so that they are 

 generally buried under the drift ; but low exposures 

 of them may be found near Lake Ontario at Bow- 

 manville, Oshawa and Whitby, and also near Colling- 

 wood, at the south end of Georgian Bay. The shale 

 has a distinctly bituminous odor when broken, and 

 fragments put on a fire burn for a time, though the 

 mass that is left still retains its shape. Oil was dis- 

 tilled from the shale at Collingwood in early days, 

 but the discovery of petroleum put an end to the 

 industry. At several points the black and partly 

 combustible shale has roused false hopes of the finding 

 of coal. 



The shale is often very fossiliferous, iron pyrites 



being a frequent fossilizing material. Graptolites 



and certain trilobites, such as Triarthrus leckii and 



Ogygites canadensis (formerly called Asaphus) are 



59 



