GEOLOGY OF THE TORONTO REGION 



Plectambonites sericeus. 

 Catazyga erratica. 

 Cyrtolites ornatus. 

 Byssonychia radiata. 

 Whiteavesia pholadiformis. 

 Modiolopsis modiolaris. 

 concentrica. 



Orthoceras crebriseptum. 

 Isotelus maximus. 

 Calymene callicephala. 



Richmond marine beds overlie the Lorraine 

 toward the north and come as far south as Streets- 

 ville, but are not found along the shore of Lake 

 Ontario. Going westward from Port Credit, Queens- 

 ton red shale soon shows itself in river valleys and 

 reddens the soil of the fields. It follows the Lorraine 

 shale conformably and has the usual slight dip south- 

 westwards. Continuing toward the west it forms the 

 lowest part of the escarpment which runs from 

 Queenston to Hamilton and then bends northwards 

 to Georgian Bay. It is well seen at Queenston and 

 in the lower part of the Niagara gorge, and may be 

 followed along the foot of " the mountain," as the 

 escarpment is called locally. At Waterdown and 

 Milton it is manufactured into bricks. 



The Queenston shale is very sparsely fossiliferous 

 and in most places seems entirely barren, in this 

 respect resembling many other red sedimentary rocks. 

 The Richmond beds farther to the north contain many 



rils of an Ordovician type. 

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