NATTJKAL HISTOKY, TOEONTO EEGION 



Heights, where the waves of Lake Ontario have 

 removed it for half a mile. 



The old shore is deformed, rising 116 feet above 

 Lake Ontario at Hamilton, 176 feet at Toronto, 385 

 feet at Trenton, and 495 feet on an island to the 

 northeast of Trenton. It gives convenient routes for 

 high roads and railroads, and sites for three cities, 

 St. Catharines, Hamilton and Toronto. The last 

 named city is, however, expanding beyond the old 

 shore cliffs, spreading out on the upland of boulder 

 clay to the north. Fine gravel bars extend across 

 the ancient river valleys, enclosing bays which are 

 readily observed. The most striking of these bars 

 runs like a wall northeast of Hamilton, cutting off 

 a Dundas Bay of Lake Iroquois, as well marked as 

 the modern Hamilton Bay, separated by a sand bar 

 from Lake Ontario. 



Two long bars occur at Toronto, one projecting 

 westward from West Toronto, cutting off an old 

 Humber Bay, the other extending two or three miles 

 southwest from Scarborough Heights, forming an 

 old Don Bay. The latter bar in shape and the 

 arrangement of its lagoons resembles the present 

 Toronto Island. 



The belt of gently sloping shallow water deposits 

 between the Iroquois beach and the shore of Lake 

 Ontario is generally from two to five miles wide 

 and provides some of the most valuable fruit lands in 

 Canada, where apples, grapes and peaches are culti- 

 vated on a large scale. 



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