CHAPTER IV. 

 THE CLIMATE OF TORONTO. 



By 

 R. F. STUPART, F.R.S.C., 



Director Dominion Meteorological Service. 



TORONTO is situated on the north shore of Lake 

 Ontario on a peninsula formed by the Great Lakes 

 (Huron, including the Georgian Bay, Erie and 

 Ontario). The land in this peninsula reaches an 

 approximate height of 700 feet above the lake in 

 a ridge which parallels the Ontario shore line at a 

 distance of about twenty miles and then trends away 

 to the northwestward, increasing to a height of 1500 

 feet just south of the Georgian Bay. These geo- 

 graphical features play an important role among 

 factors affecting the climate of Toronto. 



An Observatory was established at Toronto in 

 1840, and meteorological observations have been 

 taken continuously ever since. Up to 1907 there 

 was practically no change in the location of the 

 instruments, although as time went on the city grew 

 up around the University property, within the bound- 

 aries of which the Observatory was placed. It was 

 not. however, until 1906, that any building was 

 erected near enough to impair the Observatory 

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