LIFE ZONES 



(Erigenia lulbosa} ; purple milkweed (Asclepias 

 purpurascens) ; green milkweed (A cerates flori- 

 dana) ; ground pink (Phlox subulata) ; waterleaf 

 (Hydrophyllum appendiculatum) ; bluebells (Mer- 

 tensia virginica) ; pucooon (Lithospemum gmelini) ; 

 basil (Pycnanthemum flexuoswn) ; ground cherry 

 (Physalis virginiana) ; purple foxglove (Gerardia 

 purpurea} ; tall bluebell (Campanula americana) ; 

 blazing star (Liatris cylindracea) . 



The Carolinian Area corresponds to the Lacus- 

 trine Area, Alleghanian-Ozark District of Die Vege- 

 tation der Erde of Engler and Drude. It lies within 

 the Broad-leaved Summer Forest of Schimper; the 

 Deciduous Dicotylous Forest of Warming ; the Chest- 

 nut Zone of Mayr. 



In approaching Toronto from Montreal one passes 

 through the Alleghanian Area of the Transition Zone 

 of Merriam. The northern boundary of the area is 

 approximately formed by a line drawn from Ottawa 

 to the southern portion of Georgian Bay. The area 

 represents a transitional region from the prevailing 

 needle-leaved forests of the north to the prevailing 

 broad-leaved forests of the south, and its forests are 

 consequently of mixed composition. Over the greater 

 part of the area, however, the needle-leaved forests, 

 and the broad-leaved forests occupy distinct sites. 

 e needle-leaved forest, according to the situation 

 in which it occurs, may be divided into two types ; the 

 white pine-red pine type and the coniferous swamp 



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