LIFE ZONES 



farms, to a less extent, however, along the Canadian 

 Pacific than along the Grand Trunk Railway. Along 

 the former, especially between Montreal and Have- 

 lock, Ontario, one sees many illustrations of the pop- 

 lar-birch type arising on burned areas, together with 

 patches of the characteristic broad-leaf and coniferous 

 forest types. Along the latter one sees only small 

 remnants of the original maple-beech forests in the 

 farm wood-lots, with frequent cedar swamps on the 

 heavier, poorly-drained soils. 



The Alleghanian Area as described above corre- 

 sponds to the Lake District of the St. Lawrence-Great 

 Lakes Region of Engler and Drude. With reference 

 to the other authors, they place it in the same classes 

 as given above under the Carolinian Area. 



The Canadian Zone lying north of the Alleghan- 

 ian Area, as shown on the accompanying map, has 

 a forest in its southern portion similar to that of 

 the Alleghanian Area, but as one goes northward the 

 broad-leaf component becomes smaller and the needle- 

 leaf component larger, as is shown by the greater 

 abundance of balsam, white spruce, and black spruce. 

 The white pine and red pine decrease in abundance. 

 When the Hudson Bay drainage area is reached, 

 eugar maple, beech, white ash, red oak will be found 

 to have dropped out, and the forest becomes prevail- 

 ingly coniferous, with black spruce forming the 

 greater portion, sometimes two-thirds, of the stands. 



lite spruce and balsam become minor species. The 

 7 97 



