MAMMALS 



36. Black Bear. Ursus americanus americanus 

 Pallas. Listed by Gapper in 1830, but probably not 

 exterminated till much later. 



37. Red Fox. Vulpes fulva fulva (Desmarest). 

 Still common. 



38. Grey Wolf. Canis lycaon Schreber. Gapper 

 had seen only imperfect specimens, probably skins, 

 in 1830, but, according to the late Dr. Brodie, wolves 

 occasionally drove deer into Markham as late as 

 1840. 



39. Wild Cat. Lynx ruff us ruff us (Guelden- 

 staedt). One specimen taken at Scarboro was in 

 the possession of the late Dr. Brodie, and I have 

 seen others near Toronto, but it never was common. 



40. Canadian Lynx. Lynx canadensis canadensis 

 Kerr. One recent record ; has never been more than 

 a migrant 



41. Panther. Felis couguar Kerr. Accidental, 

 one record. (" Biological Review of Ontario," 1894, 

 pp. 18-23.) 



GENERAL REFERENCES. 



D. S. Jordan. Manual of the Vertebrates of the 

 Northern United States. 1888. 



C. W. Nash. Vertebrates of Ontario. Toronto, 

 1908. 



Stone and Cram. American Animals. Toronto, 

 1902. 



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