AMPHIBIA 



Salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, Green. 

 Localities as for Ambystoma punctatum. Not com- 

 mon except in woods to the east of Toronto on Scar- 

 borough Heights. Spawns in pools, small masses of 

 eggs being attached in rows to slender branches or to 

 weeds. March 24-April 20, usually April 1-10. 

 Metamorphosis in September-October of same year. 



Black Newt, Desmoganthus nigra, Green. Only 

 known as from Toronto by a specimen so labelled in 

 the Biological museum; no more definite locality is 

 mentioned. Usually in or near clear, cold springs or 

 brooks in rocky localities. 



Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus, 

 Green. This includes the varieties Plethodon cine- 

 reus cinereus and Plethodon cinereus erythronotus 

 (Cope), intermediates, and also individuals with 

 more red marking than is typical. It occurs on all 

 sides of the city. Remains under shelter by day. 

 Damp woods with considerable undergrowth are pre- 

 ferred, but occasionally specimens are found in drier 

 localities, even in open fields under stones. Spawn- 

 ing by choice within the cracks in decaying logs and 

 stumps, but in default of such under stones. A clus- 

 ter of 3-12 eggs attended by the female. June 15- 

 July 4. No aquatic stage. Metamorphosis takes 

 place in August-September of the same year. 



Salamander, Hemidactylium scutatwm, Schlegel. 

 One specimen reported from the Humber Valley. 

 Habits, etc., so far as known, are similar to those of 

 Plethodon. 



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