A DISRUPTED MOUNTAIN 289 



pool below. An enormous archway has been formed under 

 the fallen mass, by the rock crumbling away and falling 

 into the stream. This opening partly spans the right 

 bank and partly the stream, but diagonally, so that the 

 waterfall, when you look through the archway, seemed to 

 be rushing at you as it turned the foot of the landslip at 

 an acute angle. The effect was very strange. Fifty yards 

 farther on, another mass of rock had slipped to the edge of 

 the stream, and stopped there at a very sharp angle. The 

 shape of this mass was exactly like the flintlock of an old 

 musket ; the cairn at the top had been placed there, no 

 doubt, by the Tibetans, who have a great habit of piling 

 up stones on any conspicuous spot. It is considered a 

 praiseworthy act to raise these landmarks, and, in fact, they 

 are necessary in such a country to indicate the way. For 

 the same purpose little heaps of rocks were piled up all 

 over the landslip. These collections of stones will be 

 found on every remarkable spot that catches the eye. A 

 little farther down large boulders and masses of rocks have 

 fallen into the stream. For more than a mile the mountain 

 seems to have made a wholesale movement downwards, and 

 the valley, for that distance, is entirely blocked with the 

 ruins. Probably this was the result of an earthquake, but 

 no such disruptions are seen on the opposite side of the 

 valley, where one vast precipice falls sheer to the water's 

 edge. After this disrupted bit of country is passed, the 

 valley opens out, and the stream again flows in a level bed. 

 The range on either side is barren and forbidding, black 

 and rugged on the left, receding and crumbling on the 

 right. The path goes along the debris for two or three 

 miles, the valley gradually opening out at the same time. 

 At 10.30 we reached Eana camp, where a considerable 

 stream joins the main river. It is almost equal in volume 

 to the latter, and this side valley, therefore, must be of 

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