II 



corn duties and the consequent high prices. The next 

 class, those farming between five and 20 hectares, may 

 not suffer from the duties, but they do not derive any 

 benefit from them, and they form 18.5 per cent, of the 

 whole. It thus appears that the high duties on corn have 

 only benefited something like 5 per cent, of the "total 

 number of farmers in Germany, those being the largest 

 proprietors — the so-called big peasants (Grossbauern) and 

 the feudal landlords, the Junkers. "Welfare of the Father- 

 land " indeed. 



But if the small farmers do not grow corn, perhaps 

 they grow something else on which they benefit by Pro- 

 tection ? No doubt they do. They breed live stock for 

 slaughter and dairy purposes, which pursuit still forms 

 the main agricultural occupation in Germany. Accord- 

 ing to official statistics, which some regard as rather an 

 under-estimate,* 40.6 per cent, of the net revenue yielded 

 by agriculture comes from cattle rearing and the dairy 

 industry, as against 26.4 per cent, which is derived from 

 the sale of corn. It is at the same time a pursuit in which 

 the small farmer engages to a much greater extent than 

 the large landowner. To take the figures of the last 

 census in Prussia, we find t that whereas on the large 

 farms of 100 hectares and over the number of cattle raised 

 was one per 4.2 hectares and that of pigs was one per 

 7.54 hectares, on the middle-sized farms the corresponding 

 figures were one per 1.9 and 1.89 hectares respectively. 

 Only in sheep raising, which, of course, requires exten- 

 sive pastures and is only possible on large estates, the 

 farms of 100 hectares and over show a preponderance over 

 the smaller sized, the ratio of sheep being one per 2.4 

 hectares on the former, as against one per 9.6 hectares 

 on the latter. 



* Gothein, I.e., p. 9; cf. Janssen, I.e., p. 42. 



t " Korrespondenz des Deutschen Bauernbundes " in "Frankfurter 

 Zeitung," July 8, 1910. 



