FLUCTUATING VARIATIONS AND THEIR INHERITANCE 43 



females tend to lay non-adhesive eggs. This is very clear proof of the 

 transmission through the males of this female characteristic as the 

 females of races regularly laying adhesive eggs never tend to sport to 

 non-adhesiveness. 



The subject is being further studied and a report will be made 

 later. 



Subsidiary Larval Markings. 



In larvae of the white type the body is not wholly unmarked but 

 certain markings known in our laboratory under the names of "eye- 

 brows," or "eye-spots," and "anterior and posterior lunules" occur in 

 very faint to fairly strong condition. Lunules occur as a single pair 

 on the dorsum of each of the 2nd and 5tli abdominal segments, and 

 the "eyebrows" are markings on the dorsum of the mesothoracic 

 segment. The posterior lunules (on the 5th abdominal segment) 

 correspond externally to the situation of the developing internal re- 

 productive organs (ovaries or testes) and are more elaborate in 

 make-up than the anterior lunules. The "eyebrows" can also be quite 

 elaborate in make-up and when well developed are really of the nature 

 of eye-spots with a colored center, which may be red, yellow or pink, 

 surrounded by purple or blackish lines (see Plates I and II). 



All of these markings appear in the so-called "patterned" type of 

 larva (Japanese White race type) and also vary in their degree of 

 conspicuousness, that is, development. 



On the basis of these variations in color and degree of develop- 

 ment of these larval markings, selection among individuals was re- 

 peatedly made, matings instituted on a basis of this selection, and 

 rearings made and all individuals examined and tabulated. The work 

 was laborious and extensive. It was carried on chiefly by Mrs. 

 Bell-Smith. 



Her results show clearly the thoroughly continuous and fluctuating 

 character of the variations and the non-alternative character of their 

 inheritance. 



Wing-Pattern. 



A variation of distinctly fluctuating and continuous character is 

 the wing-pattern of the adult moths. A good deal of attention and 

 time were paid to the variations in wing-pattern through several years, 

 with the result that the purely fluctuating character of the variation 

 and its corresponding non-alternative behavior in inheritance seem 

 certainly established, and hence make any use of it in cross matings of 



