CONTENTS. 



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Page 



Vertebrate Anulvi.s, how characterized 195 



Th« Skeleton — Composition of Bone .. 19^ 



Division ofVertebrate Animals into Four Classes 196 



CLASS I.— PISCES— FISHES. 



Definition, and Distinctive Characters 197 



Distribution. — Extremes of Temperature at which they live 197 



Form — its great variety — Change by Inflation 198 



Covering—Scales — Mucus — Brilliancy of Colour 199 



Bony plates of the Trunk-fish and Pipe-fishes 200 



Senses — Cirri, Organs of Toucli 200 



Taste — Smell — Hearing— Sight 201 



Blind-fish— Absence of Eyelids— Colours of the Eyes 202 



Locomotion — Swim-bladder — its Uses — not universal 202 



Caudal-fin — other Fins how named 204 



Variety of Movement observed in a Pipe-fish 205 



Flying Fish 20G 



Eespiration — Heart— Gills — Wh&t kills a Fish when out of Water 207 

 Pood — Some Fishes live on "Vegetables, but most of them on Flesh 207 



Beneficence of this Arrangement — Voracity of Fishes 209 



Teeth — their Variety, Uses, and Numbers 210 



Reproduction 212 



Preservation of Vitality in the Ova 212 



Distribution, Geographical — also according to Zones of Depth 212 



Number of Ova — Instances of Parental Care of the Spawn 213 



Means of Escape, Defence, and Attack 214 



Uniformity of Colour — Flight — Spines 215 



Weapons of the Spined Dog-fish 215 



Weapons of the Stickle-back, Saw -fish, and Sword-tiah 216 



