MAMMALIA. 401 



I. (Cameliis.) — " The Arabian Ciiniel (Djemal of the Arabs), 

 from which the Dromedary is only distinguished by higher 

 breeding and finer quahties — both being possessed of only one 

 hump* — is a native of Asia, where, from the earliest ages to 

 the present day, it has formed the chief means of communica- 

 tion between the different regions of the East. Its present 

 geographical distribution extends over Arabia, Syria, Asia 

 Minor, to the foot of the Caucasian chain, the south of Tartary, 

 and part of India. In Africa, it is found in the countries ex- 

 tending from the i\Iediterranean to the Senegal, and from 

 Egyi)t and Abyssinia to Algiers and Morocco. It is also very 

 abundant in the Canary Islands." 



"After the conquest of Granada, the Arabian Camel was 

 introduced into Spain, b}' the Moors, and at that time it was 

 abundant in the southern provinces, but as a species it is now 

 extinct. The only place in Europe where this Camel is now 

 reared is at Pisa." 



II. (Auchenia.) — The Llamas, which have been justly 

 termed the "Caniels of the New World," differ from the 

 former from being of smaller size, and in the absence of the 

 hump. They belong exclusively to South America, and 

 chief!}' to the western pai*t of the great chain of the Andes. 

 UnHke their Old World relatives who inhabit " Araby the 

 blest," and other sunny regions, the Llamas are found amid 

 the bleak and rocky precipices bordering on the limit of 

 pei*petual snow. Owing to the low temperature of Patagonia, 

 they approach the vicinity of the sea. " From this they 

 spread over the elevated regions of the Andes, and in large 

 herds attain, on Chimborazo, the limit of perpetual snow, 

 which there reaches a height of 15,800 feet. " 



III. (Moschus.) — The Musk Deer are so called from the 

 species whence the substance called " musk" is derived. They 

 are all distinguislied b}' the absence of horns. Their habitat 

 is the mountains of Central and Southern Asia. 



IV. (Cervits.) — The Deer combine in the highest degree 

 the characteristics of elegance of form, grace, and fleetness. 

 The Elk or Moose Deer of America (Alces palmata) exceeds 

 in size any species now living. It wa.s, however, much sur- 

 passed by that extinct species known as the " Irish Elk,"t 



* The Camel with two humps is regarded only as a variety, not as a dis- 

 tinct species. 



t It now forms the representative of a distinct sub- genus, and is named 

 Megaceros Uibcmicus, from the Greek mega^ great ; keroi, a horn. 



