MAMMALIA, 405 



first penetrated the wilds and forests of uncivilized Europe, 

 discovered two kinds of gigantic oxen. That which they 

 distinguished by its shaggy coat and mane, may be recognized 

 in the still untamed Aurochs of Lithuania. The other is de- 

 scribed by Citsar as being '' not much interior to the Elephant 

 in size, and though resembling the common Bull in colour, 

 form, and general aspect, yet as differing from all the domestic 

 cattle in its gigantic size, and especially in the superior ex- 

 panse and strength of its homs."* 



Eemains of both these speciesf have been found in England 

 in the same deposits and localities ; and it is most satisfactory, 

 as Professor Owen remarks, " to find such proof of the general 

 accuracy of the brief but interesting indications of the primitive 

 mammalian fauna of those regions of Europe which may be 

 supposed to have presented to the Eoman cohorts the same 

 aspect as America did to the first colonists of New England." 



PACHTDERMATA.— THICK-SKINNED ANIMALS. 



" Beside him stalks to battle 



The huge earth-shaking beast — 

 The beast on whom the castle 



With all its guards doth stand ; 

 The beast ^vho hath between his eyes 

 The seq>ent for a hand.' ' 



Macadlay's "Lays of Ancient RoME."t 



TnE animals of the present order are, in their general habits, 

 herbivorous. One of their most obvious characteristics is the 

 toughness and great thickness of the skin, as manifested in the 

 Hippopotamus and other species. Hence the name Pachy- 

 dermata, signifying thick-skinned, is that by which they have 

 been designated. 



• Owen's Fossil Xlammalia. 



t A third species of smaller size has been found in England (ride Owen, 

 p. 508), it has also occurred in Ireland. R. Ball, " I'roceedings of the 

 Royal Irish Academy," January, 1839. 



X The author states in a note that Anffuimanu, or snake-handed, is the 

 old Latin name for an Elephant. Lucretius, ii. u33, v. 130'J. 



