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PART II.— VERTEBRATE ANIMALS. 

 Wlmt are some of the most obvious points of difference between 

 the Vertebrate and the Invertebrate Animals? What are the 

 anatomical characteristics of this division ? What is bone com- 

 posed of? Is it uniform in its structure in different tribes of 

 animals? Give examples of this. Name the classes into which 

 Vertebrate Animals arc divided. Which of these are cold and 

 which are warm-blooded ? 



Class I. Pisces. — P. 213. 

 Give definition of fishes. How is the body covered ? How is 

 respiration carried on ? How are the joung produced ? Where 

 are fishes found ? At what temperatures can thev live ? What 

 is said of their forms? What of the Globe-fish"? How is the 

 slime on the body of fishes emitted ? What is its use ? How is 

 the metallic lustre of the scales produced ? What covering diffe- 

 rent from that of scales has been observed ? What are the cirri 

 of fishes ? To what are they analogous ? What is said of the 

 sen.se of taste? Of smell? Of hearing? How does the air- 

 bladder assist this sense? What are the otolites? What is said 

 of the sense of sight ? What of the blind fishes of the Mammoth 

 Cave ? Have fishes eyelids ? AVhat is the specific gi'avity of the 

 body compared with that of water? How is it increased or 

 diminished ? What other uses does the air-bladder serve ? Is it 

 found in all fishes ? What are the external organs of motion ? 

 How does th€^ tail act ? How are the fins named ? What is said 

 of the movements of a Pipe-fish ? Does the FIving-fish really 

 fly ? How many cavities are in the heart of a fish ? How does 

 it breathe ? Why does a fish die when kept out of water ? What 

 constitutes the food of fishes ? How is beneficence shown in the 

 arrangement by which fishes prey on fishes ? Give example of 

 the voracity of the Frog-fish. Contrast the teeth of fishes with 

 the organs for prehension in the lower animals. What is said 

 of their size, shape, and numbers? Of their being renewed? 

 What is the use of teeth in the pJiarynz? Are any fish produced, 

 alive? What is the general rule? Why are ponds in India 

 which have been dried up found after the rainy season to con- 

 tain fishes? By what laws are fishes limited in their range? 

 What number of ova do some produce ? What statement, made 

 by Aristotle, has been confirmed ? What is said of the Ilassarf 

 What of a Stickleback? What mode of concealment is pos- 

 .sessed by some flat-fishes ? What mode of escape has the Fl.v- 

 Jng-fish ? What weapon of defence is used by the Skate ? What 

 by the Weever ? What by the Spined Dog-fish ? What contri- 

 vance regarding those spines is described by Mr. Ball ? What 

 weapon is used by the common Stickleback ? By the Saw-fish ? 

 By the Sword-fish ? Give example of the force with which this 

 has been used. What defence is employed by the Silurus of 

 the Nile? The Torpedo? The Electric Eel? What is said 

 of the comparative vitality of fishes ? Give examples of this. 

 How are Carp fed in Holland ? Regarding errors and traditions, 

 state what is said of the Mackerel Midge. What of the origin 

 of Eels? Of the ear-bones of the Maigre? Of the Opah? Of 



