EMERGENCIES 



291 



and dashing cold water on the chest. While artificial 

 respiration is being carried on, another person may be 

 massaging the legs of the patient, being careful to rub 

 toward the heart. Warm sand, clothing, hot water, 

 or anything else that is available may be used to 

 make the body 

 warm. Small 

 doses of hot drinks 

 and other stimu- 

 lants may also be 

 given, when they 

 can be swallowed 

 without difficulty. 

 The instructions 

 of the doctor in 



Artificial Respiration Second movement: 

 Expiration. 



regard to where to 

 move the patient 

 and when it will be safe to leave him alone should 

 be strictly followed, because, for some time after 

 such an experience, breathing may suddenly cease 

 with little or no warning. Although a person may 

 have been under water a half-hour or more, the 

 restoration of breathing should be attempted, and 

 should not be given up until a physician pronounces 

 recovery impossible. 



Breathing may also be stopped by gas or smoke, 

 by hanging or choking, and by hard substances getting 

 into the windpipe. In case of gas or smoke, removal 

 from the cause is the first step. If gas has been 



