180 SPINDLE TREE 



pubescent when young ; black on drying. See p. 293. 

 Autumn leaves brown to black. 



Venation like that of S. alba, pinnate-reticulate, but 

 the secondaries much finer and closer. Stomata on both 

 surfaces ; those above isolated or numerous. 



[For the hybrid S. rubra see p. 245.] 



(ii) Leaves ovate or oblong lanceolate, about 

 twice as long as broad : stipules minute and 

 very caducous. 



Euonymus europceus, L. Spindle Tree (Fig. 45). 

 Glabrous shrub, with foetid odour and angular shoots and 

 twigs ; the stipules so minute and caducous as to be easily 

 overlooked. Leaves shortly petiolate, 3 12 x 1*5 4 cm., 

 elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, or ovate ; acute 

 or acuminate, finely serratulate, glabrous and matt green, 

 paler beneath ; petiole 5 10 mm. Autumn leaves red- 

 dish. 



Venation pinnate-looped. The midrib gives off about 

 8 pairs of secondaries, pinnate at open angles, slender and 

 slightly curved forwards ; these soon loop, and from the 

 loops the ends of small terminals pass into the teeth. 

 Reticulation open and faint. Secondaries about the 

 length of the midrib apart, with no prominent outer 

 branches. Tertiaries at very acute angles on the outer, 

 obtuse on the inner side of the secondaries. 



(2) Leaves exstipulate. 



[See note, p. 161.] 



[For (b) (a) Leaves lobed, palmatifid, and with palmate 



see p. 186.] venation. Petioles long. 



[For (ii) (i) Leaves large, up to 10 20 cm. or more in 



see P- 184 ' ] diameter. 



