190 



BUCKTHORN 



towards the apex, but there break up, without forming- 

 loops, and disappear before reaching the margin. Tertiaries 

 numerous and much finer. Upper and middle secondaries 

 much further apart than the middle and lower ones, and 

 converging into the apical region. 



Fig. 51. Buckthorn, Rhamnus 

 catharticus, p. 189 (Ett). 



Fig. 52. Buckthorn, Rhamnus 

 catharticus, p. 189 (D). 



[The Spindle Tree {Euonymus) may also be sought for 

 here if the stipules are overlooked (see p. 180), but the 

 secondaries are more numerous and looped.] 



(ii) Margins of leaf entire, or at most incon- 

 spicuously sinuate, or with microscopic 

 serrulation. 



(a) Leaves small or minute, scale-like, linear, 

 acicular, or subulate, with no distinct 

 venation except the midrib, evergreen. 



