HAWTHORN, ETC. 211 



lobes, each acute and irregularly crenate-dentate, serrate 

 or lobed ; thin and tough, bright green, shining glabrous 

 or glabrescent, or pubescent when young, especially on 

 the margins and veins, bluish or yellowish green beneath. 

 Stipules often large and leafy, half-ovate and serrate. 

 Petioles 1 2 cm. up to as long as the midrib. Autumn 

 leaves brown. 



Venation pinnate or with pseudo-palmate base, the 

 secondaries running direct and nearly straight to the 

 margins, where they end in the teeth ; or they fork, and 

 the branches end similarly ; but alternating with these 

 there are other secondaries, or their branches, each of 

 which goes direct to the sinus between two lobes, and may 

 fork over it. The basal secondaries sometimes come off as 

 if primaries and palmate. 



[The var. monogyna is said to have the leaves bluish 

 below and the secondaries more divergent.] 



** Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong in out- 

 line ; not tomentose beneath ; pinnately 

 and more or less sinuate-lobed, with 

 distinctly pinnate venation, the lower 

 secondaries shorter than those in midleaf. 



t Lobes more or less rounded, slightly mucro- 

 nate or acute, but not acuminate or drawn 

 out to long points or teeth. 



Lobes rather angular, acute or mucronate, 

 often separated by toide and rather deep 

 sinuses, and themselves cut; leaf -base not 

 auricled ; stipules persistent on the leaf- 

 bases and round the buds ; surface rough 

 with stellate or tufted hairs. 



Quercus Cerris, L. Turkey Oak (Fig. 67). Large tree, 

 with persistent setaceous stipules surrounding the buds. 



142 



