216 RED OAK: IVY 



sinuses. Leaf about 811 x 5 6 (8 25 x 6 16) cm., 

 ovate or elliptic, coarsely sinuate-dentate or with broad and 

 shallow sinuses cutting it into acuminate and coarsely- 

 toothed lobes ; tapering or rounded, and entire below, 

 glabrous and shining green both sides, or bearded in the 

 axils of the veins. Petiole \ to \ as long as the leaf. 



[There are various so-called cut-leafed forms of Oak, 

 Beech, Lime, &c. which would come here if we were con- 

 cerned with the vagaries of cultivated trees.] 



(b) Lobing and venation palmate. 



[For (ii) (i) Leaves exstipulate. 



see p. 222.] . . , 7 , 7 . . 



(a) Leaves dark green, shining, coriaceous 



and evergreen. Shoots climbing by means 



of adventitious roots. 



Hedera Helix, L. Ivy (Figs. 6971). Root climber 

 with distant, distichous or spiral, large leaves, or creeping 

 and with smaller leaves, containing resin-canals and pecu- 

 liarly aromatic when bruised. Leaves thick, 3 8 x 2 6 

 cm. (up to 3 10 cm.), broadly pentagonal and 3 5-lobed 

 on the climbing and creeping shoots ; but entire and ovate, 

 rhomboid-ovate, or more or less deltoid or nearly lanceo- 

 late and acuminate on the free flowering shoots. Lobes 

 triangular, hardly acute, entire or slightly sinuate ; sinus 

 wide, deep or shallow ; base cordate or rounded. Upper 

 surface polished deep green, often with paler venation, or 

 parti-coloured patches ; paler beneath. Petiole 1 4 cm. 

 Dying leaves brown. 



Venation palmate or pseudo-palmate and reticulate, or 

 pinnate with pseudo-palmate base. Three or five strong 

 primaries radiate from the petiole, and give off second- 

 aries which rapidly break up into a distinct wide-meshed 

 network. Tertiaries strong and prominent. There is a 

 tendency to loop beneath the margin. The two outer 

 primaries in the lobed and angular larger leaves reflexed. 



