238 HORNBEAM 



glandular hairs, and such are generally present also on 

 the midrib and veins. Plaited in bud. Petiole short, 

 0"5 1, rarely up to 3 cm.; stipules oblong-obtuse. Autumn 

 leaves yellow. 



The glandular petioles at once distinguish Corylus 

 from the Elms or Hornbeam; but the glands are some- 

 times very feebly developed, and recourse must be had to 

 the bark, flowers and fruit. 



Venation strict-pinnate, the secondaries, about half- 

 a-dozen on each side, straight to the margins where each 

 ends in the point of a lobe. Tertiaries not looped beneath 

 the bi-serrate margin. Secondary nerves distant about 

 i the length of the midrib ; the lowest far shorter than 

 those in the middle of the leaf, and sending out at least 

 4 5 outer tertiaries which are conspicuously stronger 

 than the normal tertiaries elsewhere, and emerge at more 

 acute angles. Leaf-base nearly equal and somewhat 

 cordate. 



No glandular hairs. Stipules caducous. 



7 Young leaves plicate but not condupli- 

 cate. 



Carpinus Betulus, L. Hornbeam (Fig. 85). Large 

 tree with Elm-like leaves, and Beech-like trunk and buds. 

 Leaves 4 10 x 3 5 cm. (4 11 x 2'5 6 cm.), ovate- 

 elliptic or ovate-oblong, to broad ovate-lanceolate, acute or 

 acuminate, slightly oblique and cordate or rounded at the 

 base, and sharply bi-serrate or sinuate-serrate, with thick 

 teeth. Bright matt green and glabrous above, paler and 

 sometimes slightly pubescent on the venation or in the 

 angles beneath. Slightly gimped between the salient 

 teeth in which the secondaries end, so that the margin 

 appears faintly cut into bays. Petiole short (10 15 mm.), 

 eglandular. Lamina plaited parallel to the veins in bud 



