136 



JUNIPER: CYPRESS 



[CH. 



In the Junipers and Cypresses, Pines, Larches, Firs 

 and Cedars, we find flowers hardly more advanced than 

 the above, excepting that the cones as the flowers are 

 here termed bear more scales on the floral axis. 



In the Juniper, for instance, the bud-like female flower 

 consists of a short axis bearing about 6 8 alternating 

 whorls of three leaves each. In the axil of each of the 

 uppermost scales, and displaced to the right, is an erect 

 ovule : in other words a single whorl of three erect ovules 

 alternates with the three upper scales (Fig. 36). 



In Cupressus we have a similar state of affairs, except 

 that the scales are opposite and decussate, and about 

 8 14 of the upper more or less peltate scales bear 

 numerous erect ovules in the axil (Fig. 36). 



In both the Juniper and the Cypress the male cone 

 (flower) consists of similar whorls or decussate pairs of 

 scales bearing a few pollen-sacs below. 



Fig. 37. ^, a ? flower (cone) of the Spruce. B, scales seen from 

 above and showing the placental scales with ovules, and from below (Wi). 



In the ordinary Conifers Pines, Firs, Larch, Cedar, 

 &c. the state of affairs is slightly more complicated in 



