I. THE FLOWERS ARE UNISEXUAL CONES, MON- [For (II) 

 CECIOUS OR DICECIOUS, THE r^ CONSISTING OF see p. 202.] 

 AN AXIS BEARING A NUMBER OF STAMENS, 

 THE ? OF AN AXIS BEARING SCALES WITH 

 OVULES ON THEIR UPPER FACES OR IN THEIR 

 AXILS; BOTH WITH A FEW EMPTY SCALES 

 BELOW. OVULES NOT ENCLOSED IN AN OVARY, 

 WHENCE THERE ARE NO STYLES OR STIGMAS 

 (GYMNOSPERMS). EVERGREENS, WITH NARROW 

 LINEAR, SUBULATE OR SCALE-LIKE LEAVES. 

 ALL ANEMOPHILOUS. 



[The only partial exceptions to the above are, the Yew, 

 which has but one ovule, and the Larch, in which the 

 needles are deciduous. The essential differences between 

 a Cone and a Catkin are as follows. The axis of the male 

 cone bears peltate or scale-like stamens only, and a few 

 empty scales below ; that of the female cone, scales with 

 naked ovules, either on their inner faces (placental or 

 ovuliferous scale) or in their axils, with or without sub- 

 tending scales (carpellary scale) and a few empty scales 

 below. But in neither case does the axis bear bracts 

 with a flower consisting of stamens or carpels with a 

 perianth, or glands, in the axils, as is the case in the 

 catkins of Willows, Birches, &c., &c., nor are the scales 

 on the cone-axis more than double. In Taxiis the cone 

 is reduced to a single terminal ovule with a few empty 

 scales below. It will thus be seen that the cone is 

 itself a flower, with naked stamens or naked ovules; 

 whereas the catkin is an inflorescence, bearing flowers of 

 which the % are provided with an ovary enclosing the 



