276 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



JUGLANS MANDSHURICA, Manchurian Walnut 



Juglans mandshurica, Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 76 (1859); and Mil. Biol. viii. 630, fig. 

 (1872); C. De Candolle, in B.C. Prod. xvi. 2, 138 (1864) ; Gard. Chron. 1888, iv. 384, fig. 53. 

 Juglans regia octagona, in Rei'ue HorticoU, 1861, p. 429, fig. 106. 

 Juglans regia cordata, in Garden, 1896, p. 478, fig. 



A tree attaining 60 feet in height and 5 feet in girth. Bark dark ashy in colour, 

 furrowed in old trees. Judging from herbarium specimens, as I have not been able 

 to examine living trees in England, this species differs little in character of leaves 

 and branchlets irom Juglans Sieboldiana. Maximowicz, who observed both species 

 growing wild, states that he was unable to find any good distinctions between the 

 two species except in the characters of the nut. 



The fruit occurs in short racemes, six to thirteen in a cluster, and is globular- 

 ovate to oblong, viscid, and stellate pubescent. The nut resembles that of Juglans 

 cinerea, but is less sharply ridged, globose or ovate, rounded at the base, abruptly and 

 shortly acuminate at the apex, eight-ribbed, with the intervals much wrinkled. 



This species occurs in mountain woods in eastern Manchuria, between the Bureia 

 range and the Sea of Japan, from lat. 50 to the Korean frontier. It is frequent 

 along the river Amur in its lower part and on its tributaries. This species is also 

 widely spread throughout Northern and Western China, where it is common in 

 mountain woods at low altitudes, from Chihli through Hupeh and Szechwan to 

 Yunnan. So far as I have seen it, both in Hupeh and Yunnan, it never makes a 

 large tree, and rarely exceeds 40 feet in height, but Komarov informed us that in 

 Mandshuria it attains 80 feet high by 19 to 20 in girth. 



This plant was introduced^ into the Botanic Garden of St. Petersburg by 

 Maximowicz from seeds sent from the Amur. A tree^ from seed planted in 1879 in 

 the Arnold Arboretum bore fruit in 1 883, which was large, more nearly spherical and 

 less rough than the butternut, and of good flavour. The tree is described as being 

 compact and handsome in habit, and likely to become of value as a fruit tree in the 

 northern parts of the United States, where the common walnut cannot be grown 

 successfully. 



Specimens were sent to Dr. Masters ' in 1 888 from a tree which had fruited in 

 the nursery of Mr. J. van Volxem at Brussels, where the fruit ripens some weeks 

 before that of the common walnut, and the tree seems less injured by spring frosts. 



(A. H.) 



Bretschneider, Hist. Europ. Bot. Discoveries in China, i. 609 (1898). 

 ' Garden and Forest, 1888, pp. 396, 443. ' Gard. Chron., he. cil. 



