41 6 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



It is divided into 4 stems near the ground and has a diameter of branches of about 

 25 yards. A tree called the Broad Pine at Modling, near Vienna (fig. iii.), has an 

 umbrella shape, very unusual in this species. It is only about 35 feet high but is no 

 less than 60 feet broad. A tree called the Cross or Picture Pine in the Grossen 

 Fohrenwalde (fig. v.) is considered the finest tree there. It measures about 65 

 feet high, of which two-thirds are clean trunk, and is 9 to 10 feet in girth at about 

 9 feet from the ground. The tallest specimen which is mentioned is not much over 

 90 feet, very much less than those I saw in Bosnia, some of which were considerably 

 over 100 feet and probably over 1 20 feet, with clean stems to two-thirds of their 

 height. 



On good ground, however, in Austria this pine forms very fine timber ; an 

 example (shown on fig. viii.) at Gutenstein, near Zellenbach, is said to be 280 years 

 old with an average height of 30 metres. Another of the- same age at Fahrafelde is 

 so like the growth of the tree in Bosnia that the photograph illustrating it (fig. ix.) 

 shows the best form of this tree very well. 



A hybrid between this tree and Pinus sylvestris was described by Reichhardt ' 

 as growing in the Forest of Merkenstein. (H. J. E.) 



In Hungary, according to Pax,^ the Austrian pine is only found at Mehadia on 

 the lower Danube, where there are woods on dry stony mountain slopes. He 

 noticed it, however, as a mere shrub at Talmacsel in the valley of the river Alt. 

 In Styria its occurrence as a wild tree is doubtful. In Carinthia there are limited 

 areas of this species on calcareous soil on the southern slopes of the Dobratsch. It 

 is also recorded from I stria, Carniola, Croatia, and the island of Cherso. Ascherson ' 

 mentions one locality in Galicia. In Bulgaria* it grows in several localities in the 

 Rilo-Dagh, and in the Rhodope Mountains above Stanimaka. 



An excellent account of the distribution and forest conditions of this species in 

 the western states of the Balkan peninsula is given by Beck.* The most extensive 

 forests in this region lie in south-eastern Bosnia and extend across into Servia, in 

 the district of Novibazar. Fine pine forests occur at Semec, on the slopes of the 

 Lim valley, and on the hills between the Lim and Ceatina rivers. Between the 

 middle part of the course of the river Drina in Bosnia and the river Morava in Servia 

 the tree usually grows on palaeozoic rocks, though it is occasionally seen on lime- 

 stone. In Servia the forests of Austrian pine are less extensive, but extend from 

 Ivica to Kapaonik. In middle Bosnia, where the tree is found growing on serpentine, 

 and in western Bosnia, it is not at all common. 



Elwes saw the tree growing abundantly in the valley of the Drina, as already 

 mentioned in our account of Picea Oniorika, and brought home a quantity of seed 

 from this locality in 1901, which he distributed under the MS. name of Pinus 

 Laricio, var. bosniensis, believing at the time that it was not the same variety as the 

 common Austrian pine ; but he now considers that the difference observed is no 

 more than might be caused by a good soil and a more southerly and warmer climate. 



Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vtenim, xxvi. p. 462. * Pflanzenverb. in Karpathen, 104 (1898). 



' Syn. Mitteleurop. Flora, i. 213 (1897). Velenovsky, Flora Bu/garica, 518 (1891). 



' Veg. Illyrischcn Lander, 139, 226 (1 90 1). 



