Pinus 1 02 1 



the Sierra Nevada at least 200 miles farther south, where it attains its maximum 

 size at 3000 to 7000 ft. high. It also grows in the southern part of the state in the 

 San Bernardino and Cuyamaca mountains; and was discovered by Brandegee^n 

 Mount San Pedro Martir in Lower California. It is seldom found growing pure, 

 occurring usually in open woods in company with P. ponderosa, and is most common 

 on mountain slopes and on the sides of ravines and canons. Douglas fir, Libocedrus, 

 Sequoia gigantea, and Abies Lowiana are also often associated with the sugar pine. 



This pine is remarkable in its appearance in the forests on account of the long 

 outward and downward sweep of the branches, the first of which often arise at 

 100 ft. above the ground. Sir Joseph Hooker, who gives a picture of a tree growing 

 near the hotel at Calaveras, not far from the Wellingtonia grove, says 2 that the droop- 

 ing attitude of the leaves towards the under side of the branches near their tips is 

 very characteristic. The largest tree recorded seems to have been one near the 

 Umpqua river in Oregon found by Douglas, 8 which was 245 ft. in length, as it lay 

 on the ground, girthing at 3 ft. from the ground 57 ft. 9 in., and at 134 ft. up no less 

 than 17 ft. 5 in. Mr. F. R. S. Balfour photographed a fine tree, 27 ft. in girth at 5 ft. 

 from the ground, which was growing near the bend on the M 'Cloud river in Shasta 

 County, California. (Plate 271.) Like all travellers, he was much impressed by 

 the size and number of the cones which hung from the ends of the tapering branches. 

 He says that the tree matures at 300 to 400 years old, though trees have been 

 felled with as many as 700 rings. (A. H.) 



Cultivation 



This noble pine was discovered 3 by Douglas in 1825 on the headwaters of the 

 Multnomah river in Oregon ; and was introduced by him in 1827, when plants were 

 raised in the garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick, most of which, how- 

 ever, according to Loudon, died before they had attained 5 ft. in height. Lobb 4 

 collected a further supply of seed in 1851. 



Though rather slow in growth, this pine appears to be hardy, and is represented 

 by single specimens in a few collections, more especially in the south of England. 



A tree at Dropmore raised from seed given to Lady Grenville by the Duke 

 of Buccleuch in 1843, bore cones for the first time 6 in 1872; and occasionally 

 in subsequent years, thrice in the last eight years. Mr. Page measured it in 1908 

 as 85 ft. by 10 ft., and says that occasionally the cones are as much as 18 in. 

 in length. There are two younger trees at Dropmore which have not as yet borne 

 cones. 



A fine tree at Arley Castle, also raised from the seed sent by Douglas, measured 6 

 91 ft. by 10 ft. 8 in. in 1903; and so far as Mr. Woodward can ascertain has never 

 borne cones. There is a well-shaped tree at Eastnor Castle (Plate 272), which 

 occasionally bears cones, 83 ft. by 10 ft. in 1909. 



1 Cf. Zoe, iv. 201 (1893). 2 In Gard. Chron. xxiii. n, fig. I (1885). 3 Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 92, 130 (1836). 



* Horlus Veitchii, 39 (1906). According to Loudon, Card. Mag. xvii. 429 (1841), Dr. M'Laughlin sent home a parcel 

 of cones in 1 84 1 from Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia river ; but it is unknown whether any trees were raised from these. 

 6 Card. Chron. 1872, p. 1 166. ' Hortus Arleyensis, 14(1907). 



