Pinus io 33 



durable for such purposes as windows and doors, but deteriorates if exposed to alter- 

 nate heat and damp. It is in favour for the inside linings of furniture, but for this 

 purpose is rapidly giving place to the American whitewood, Liriodendron tulipifera, 

 the latter having a lower price to recommend it. For pattern-making, the yellow 

 pine ' is preferred to all other woods, being soft, easily worked, straight-grained, and 

 of a mellow texture. Its value has been steadily advancing for some years, the fine 

 trees producing the best timber becoming scarce in the more accessible districts, and 

 a great and growing demand from the United States, being the chief reasons. The 

 first quaiity wood in 1905 was 20 per cent greater in price than ten years previous. 

 It is generally imported into Europe in the form of sawn deals, and the disposal in 

 England is practically in the hands of two firms." (H. J. E.) 



PINUS PARVI FLORA, Japanese White Pine 



Pinus parvijlora, Siebold et Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 27, t. 115 (1844); Syme, in Gard. Chron. x. 624, 

 f. 103 (1878); Engelmann, Revision Genus Pinus, 178 (1880); Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. 

 (Bot.) xviii. 504 (1881), and xxxv. 578 (1904); Mayr, Abiet. jap. Reiches, 76, t. v. f. 19 

 (1890), and Fremdliind. Park- u. Waldbdutne, 386 (1906); Kent, Veitch's Man. Coniferce, 353 

 (1900); Clinton-Baker, Illust. Com/, i. 40 (1909). 



A tree attaining in Japan in favourable situations 100 ft. in height, but usually 

 smaller. Bark smooth and greyish for many years, ultimately becoming on old trunks 

 darker in colour and Assuring into small scales. Buds ovoid, less than \ in. long, not 

 acuminate at the apex, light brown, slightly resinous, with some of the scales free at 

 the tips. Young branchlets smooth, greyish, with a scattered minute pubescence. 



Leaves in fives, persistent for three years, spreading, about 2 in. long, curved, 

 usually blunt at the apex, serrulate, with the inner flat surfaces marked by three or 

 four white stomatic lines ; resin-canals two, marginal ; basal sheath \ in. long, early 

 deciduous. 



Cones sub-terminal, sessile, spreading, in clusters of three or four, ovoid-conic, 

 2 to 2\ in. long ; scales spreading widely when open, woody, about f to 1 in. long 

 and \ to f in. wide, convex from side to side, thin in margin ; apophysis thickened, 

 incurved in the centre of the rounded broad upper margin, with a minute dark- 

 coloured or resinous umbo. Seed obovoid, f in. long, \ in. wide, compressed, 

 brown ; wing short and broad, scarcely exceeding \ in. long, usually left in part on 

 the scale when the seed falls. Cotyledons 8 to 10. Seedlings very slow in growth 

 for several years. 



Var. pentaphylla. 



Pinus pentaphylla, Mayr, Abiet. jap. Reiches, 78, t. vi. f. 20 (1890), and Fremdldnd. Park- u. Wald- 

 bdutne, 377 (1906); Kent, Veitch's Man. Com/era, 356 (1900); Masters, in Journ. Linn. Soc. 

 {Bot.) xxxv. 577 (1904). 



In the northern part of Hondo, Yezo, and the Kurile Isles the tree bears more 



1 The timber when imported is known as yellow pine, a name used in America for other species, and liable to be confused 

 with yellow deal, a London trade name for the timber of Scots pine from the Baltic. 



V ' F 



