Pinus 1 041 



quantity of this timber which I saw at Innsbruck, I could not find a log that would 

 cut into clean boards over a foot wide. 



It is used in the Tyrol for wainscoting and domestic furniture on account of 

 its durability and fragrance, which is said to endure for a very long period. 



Seebohm, 1 who found this tree growing on the Yenesei as far north as 

 latitude 67!, says that the timber has a much higher market value than that of 

 P. sylvestris, and is the best timber found in Siberia. It is dark in colour, but 

 not so dark as larch, and is reputed never to rot, shrink, warp, or crack. It is soft 

 and easy to work, fine in grain, and almost free from knots. (H. J. E.) 



PINUS KORAIENSIS, Korean Pine 



Pinus koraiensis, Siebold et Zuccarini, Fl.Jap. ii. 28, t. 1 16 (excl. figs. 1-4) (1844) ; .Masters, in Journ. 

 Linn. Soc. {Bot.) xviii. 504 (1881), and xxxv. 582 (1904); Mayr, Abiet. jap. Reiches, 73, t. v. 

 f. 18 and t. vi. f. 18 (1890), and Fremdldnd. Wald- und Parkbaume, 386 (1906); Shirasawa, 

 Icon. Ess. Forest. Japon, text 12, t. ii. ff. 17-33 ( I 9)j Kent, Veitch's Man. Coniferce, 334 

 (1900); Komarov, Fl. Manshuria, i. 183 (1901); Clinton-Baker, Illust. Conif. i. 28 (1909). 



Pinus mandshurica 2 Ruprecht, in Bull. Phys. Math. xv. 382, and Mil. Biol. ii. 567 (1857); 

 Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 263, 393 (1859), and Mil. Biol. xi. 349 (1881). 



A tree, attaining in Manchuria 150 ft. and in Japan 100 ft. in height, with a 

 trunk 9 ft. in girth, but usually considerably smaller. Bark reddish grey, not unlike 

 that of a spruce, with scales about 4 in. long and 2 in. broad, the freshly peeled 

 places being reddish brown in colour. Buds, \ to f in. long, cylindric-ovoid, 

 resinous, bristly at the apex, owing to the long subulate free points of the scales. 

 Young branchlets covered with a reddish brown tomentum, and similar to those 

 of P. Cembra, but with the pulvini less prominent ; older branchlets brownish 

 or grey, and much smoother than in that species. 



Leaves similar to those of P. Cembra in number, size, persistence, arrangement, 

 and structure ; differing in the blunter apex, 8 which is closely and sharply serrulate 

 to the extreme tip, the apex in P. Cembra being long-acuminate, more remotely and 

 less sharply serrulate, and often entire at the extreme tip as viewed with a lens. 

 The leaves of P. koraiensis are whiter on the inner surfaces than in P. Cembra, the 

 stomatic lines being more numerous and more conspicuous, and occasionally show a 

 few broken lines of stomata on the outer surface near the apex. 



Staminate flowers in clusters, % in. long, pinkish. Female flowers upright, reddish, 

 about an inch long, on stout stalks about \ in. long. 



Cones subterminal, but often becoming lateral by the growth of a summer 

 shoot, on short stalks, ovoid-cylindrical, 5 to 6 in. long, and about 3 in. in diameter 

 at the base, opening when ripe. Scales, \\ to 2 in. long, 1 in. broad, woody ; 



1 Siberia in Asia, 234 (1882). 



2 This is identical with P. koraiensis, as pointed out by Maximowicz, Mil. Biol. xi. 349 (1881); and this opinion is 

 shared by Komarov. 



3 In the apical centimetre of the leaf the serrations average seventeen in P. koraiensis and only four in P. Cembra. 

 V G 



