1070 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



and Manzanita, and ranges from 500 to 4000 ft. elevation. No other tree that he 

 knows, is so thin and pervious to light, even the largest giving no shade. 



In California P. Sabiniana is occasionally tapped, and exudes a nearly colourless 

 liquid with a strong aromatic smell, resembling that of oil of orange, which is sold 

 in San Francisco under the names abietene, erasine, aurantine, or theoline, as a 

 substitute for benzine in removing grease spots from clothes. Wenzell described ' 

 in 1871 as abietene the hydrocarbon obtained by distilling the crude product ; and 

 Thorpe 2 afterwards showed that this was pure heptane, of which he obtained as 

 much as 7 litres from 7^ litres of the liquid exudation of the tree. 



This species was discovered by Douglas in 1826, but he did not send seeds till 

 1832, when plants were raised in the Horticultural Society's garden. It is very rare 

 in cultivation, and is not quite hardy, as Palmer mentions a tree, 46 ft. high, at 

 Rolleston Hall, Staffordshire, which was killed in the severe winter of i860. A tree 

 planted at Bayfordbury in 1837 was also killed in the same year. 



There is a fine tree at Madresfield Court, close to the church, which when 

 measured by Elwes in 1908 was 60 ft. high by 6 ft. 9 in. in girth. It has borne 

 ripe cones, and there were young ones near the top in 1908. At Ledbury, in Lord 

 Biddulph's grounds, a tree (Plate 280) 65 ft. high by 9^ ft. in girth bore cones in 1909. 

 A tree at Tortworth, planted by Lord Ducie in 1856, is now about 63 ft. high and 

 7 ft. in girth below the fork. It is, however, sickly in appearance. A tree at Eastnor 

 Castle, 62 ft. by 6 ft., bore fruit in 1908. 



At Orton Longueville, a tree with a large lateral branch at 20 ft. up, measured 

 58 ft. by 7 ft. 8 in. in 1909. At Hunstanton Hall, Norfolk, the seat of Hamon 

 le Strange, Esq., there are fourteen trees growing in the park, variable in height, 

 some with single stems, others branching into two or three stems. The largest is 

 52 ft. by 7 ft. ; and only one tree is bearing fruit, a single old cone. 



There are two trees in Kew Gardens, the larger 8 of which, in 1909, was 55 ft. 

 high and 6 ft. 4 in. in girth. A tree at Flitwick Manor, Bedford, was reported in 

 1908, by Mr. H. Clinton - Baker, to be 50 ft. high and 4 ft. 4 in. in girth. Miss 

 Woolward sends us a branch from a tree, 40 ft. high and 4 ft. in girth, growing in a 

 field belonging to Mr. Kennet-Were, Cotlands, Sidmouth. Kent reports trees at 

 Pampisford, Cambridge, and at Highnam Court, Gloucestershire, which appear to be 

 no longer in existence. (A. H.) 



1 In a paper read before the Californian Pharmaceutical Society on 13th December 1871, and reprinted in Phartn. Jourti. 

 for 30th March 1872. 



> Journ. Chem. Soc. xxxv. 296 (1879) and xxxvii. 213 (1881). Cf. Phatm. Journ. iii. 2, p. 789. 

 3 Figured in Card. Chron. v. 44, fig. 6 (1889). 





